Patel Dilip R, Feucht Cynthia, Brown Kelly, Ramsay Jessica
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Cynthia Feucht, Adjunct Faculty, Ferris State University, College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Borgess Internal Medicine, Portage, MI, USA.
Transl Pediatr. 2018 Jan;7(1):23-35. doi: 10.21037/tp.2017.08.05.
Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents with reported prevalence rates between 10% and 30%. A combined approach to treatment has been found to be the most effective for optimal outcomes and is typically comprised of psychotherapy (especially exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy), family and patient education, and use of medication if indicated. In children and adolescents who might benefit from use of medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the drugs of choice. The safety and efficacy of medications other than SSRIs in the treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders are not fully established. Most children and adolescents respond well to treatment with long lasting resolution of symptoms, although, recurrence of the same, or development of a different type of anxiety disorder, is not uncommon. In most children and adolescents, anxiety disorders tend to persist into adulthood requiring long-term treatment planning. This paper reviews the pharmacological agents used in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
焦虑症在儿童和青少年中很常见，报告的患病率在10%至30%之间。已发现综合治疗方法对实现最佳疗效最为有效，通常包括心理治疗（尤其是基于暴露的认知行为疗法）、家庭和患者教育，以及在有指征时使用药物。在可能受益于药物治疗的儿童和青少年中，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）是首选药物。SSRI以外的药物在治疗儿童和青少年焦虑症方面的安全性和有效性尚未完全确立。大多数儿童和青少年对治疗反应良好，症状能得到长期缓解，不过，相同症状复发或出现另一种类型的焦虑症并不罕见。在大多数儿童和青少年中，焦虑症往往会持续到成年期，需要进行长期治疗规划。本文综述了用于治疗儿童和青少年焦虑症的药物制剂。
