Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 May;118(5):899-910. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3823-1. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
In recent decades, the interest for exercise-induced fatigue in youth has substantially increased, and the effects of growth on the peripheral (muscular) and central (neural) mechanisms underpinning differences in neuromuscular fatigue between healthy children and adults have been described more extensively. The purpose of this review is to retrieve, report, and analyse the findings of studies comparing neuromuscular fatigue between children and adults. Objective measures of the evaluation of the physiological mechanisms are discussed.
Major databases (PubMed, Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science) were systematically searched and limited to English language from inception to September 2017.
Collectively, the analyzed studies indicate that children experience less muscular and potentially more neural fatigue than adults. However, there are still many unknown aspects of fatigue regarding neural (supraspinal and spinal) and peripheral mechanisms that should be more thoroughly examined in children.
Suitable methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, functional magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, tendon vibration, H-reflex, and ultrasound are recommended in the research field of fatigue in youth. By designing studies that test the fatigue effects in movements that replicate daily activities, new knowledge will be acquired. The linkage and interaction between physiological, cognitive, and psychological aspects of human performance remain to be resolved in young people. This can only be successful if research is based on a foundation of basic research focused on the mechanisms of fatigue while measuring all three above aspects.
近几十年来，人们对青少年运动性疲劳的兴趣大大增加，并且生长对健康儿童和成人之间神经肌肉疲劳差异的外周（肌肉）和中枢（神经）机制的影响已经得到了更广泛的描述。本综述的目的是检索、报告和分析比较儿童和成人之间神经肌肉疲劳的研究结果。讨论了评估生理机制的客观测量方法。
系统地检索了主要数据库（PubMed、Ovid、Scopus 和 Web of Science），并限于从最初到 2017 年 9 月的英语文献。
综合分析表明，儿童比成人经历更少的肌肉疲劳，潜在地更多的神经疲劳。然而，神经（皮质和脊髓）和外周机制的疲劳仍然有许多未知方面，应该在儿童中更彻底地研究。
建议在青少年疲劳研究领域使用经颅磁刺激、经颅电刺激、功能磁共振成像、近红外光谱、肌腱振动、H 反射和超声等合适的方法。通过设计测试模仿日常活动的运动疲劳效果的研究，将获得新的知识。在年轻人中，人类表现的生理、认知和心理方面的联系和相互作用仍有待解决。只有在以基础研究为基础，专注于疲劳机制，同时测量所有三个方面的情况下，研究才能取得成功。
