Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W168th St, 5th floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
J Urban Health. 2018 Apr;95(2):208-221. doi: 10.1007/s11524-017-0226-2.
Nationally, 80% of pedestrian fatalities occur in urban environments, yet the distribution of injuries across urban areas is not uniform. Identifying street-level risk factors for pedestrian injury is essential for urban planning and improvement projects, as well as targeted injury prevention efforts. However, creating and maintaining a comprehensive database of a city's traffic safety infrastructure can be cumbersome and costly. The purpose of this study was to create and validate a neighborhood environmental observational assessment tool to capture evidence-based pedestrian safety infrastructure using Google Street View (GSV)-The Inventory for Pedestrian Safety Infrastructure (IPSI). We collected measures in-person at 172 liquor stores in Baltimore City from June to August 2015 to assess the tool's reliability; we then collected IPSI measures at the same 172 locations using GSV from February to March 2016 to assess IPSI reliability using GSV. The majority of items had good or excellent levels of inter-rater reliability (ICC ≥ 0.8), with intersection features showing the highest agreement across raters. Two scales were also developed using exploratory factor analysis, and both showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.6). The IPSI provides a valid, economically efficient tool for assessing pedestrian safety infrastructure that can be employed for a variety of research and urban planning needs. It can also be used for in-person or GSV observation. Reliable and valid measurement of pedestrian safety infrastructure is essential to effectively prevent future pedestrian injuries.
在全国范围内，80%的行人生伤亡事故发生在城市环境中，但城市地区的伤害分布并不均匀。确定行人受伤的街道层面风险因素对于城市规划和改善项目以及有针对性的伤害预防工作至关重要。然而，创建和维护城市交通安全基础设施的综合数据库可能繁琐且昂贵。本研究的目的是创建和验证一种邻里环境观察评估工具，以使用谷歌街景（GSV）-行人安全基础设施清单（IPSI）捕获基于证据的行人安全基础设施。我们于 2015 年 6 月至 8 月在巴尔的摩市的 172 家酒类商店进行了实地测量，以评估该工具的可靠性；然后，我们于 2016 年 2 月至 3 月使用 GSV 在同一 172 个地点收集了 IPSI 测量值，以使用 GSV 评估 IPSI 可靠性。大多数项目的评分者间信度都很好或很好（ICC≥0.8），交叉口特征在评分者之间的一致性最高。还使用探索性因素分析开发了两个量表，两者均表现出很强的内部一致性（Cronbach 的 alpha≥0.6）。IPSI 提供了一种有效且经济高效的评估行人安全基础设施的工具，可用于各种研究和城市规划需求。它也可以用于实地或 GSV 观察。可靠和有效的行人安全基础设施测量对于有效预防未来行人受伤至关重要。
