Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2022;23(7):440-445. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2100363. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
While microscale pedestrian environment features such as sidewalks and crosswalks can affect pedestrian safety, it is challenging to assess microscale environment associated risk across locations or at scale. Addressing these challenges requires an efficient auditing protocol that can be used to assess frequencies of microscale environment features. For this reason, we developed an eight-item pedestrian environment virtual audit protocol and conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study of pedestrian injury in Washington State, USA.
We used data from police reports at pedestrian-automotive collision sites where the pedestrian was seriously injured or died. At each collision site, high school students participating in an online summer internship program virtually audited Google Street View imagery to assess the presence of microscale pedestrian environment features such as crosswalks and streetlighting. We assessed inter-rater reliability using Cohen's kappa and explored prevalence of eight microscale environment features in relation to injury severity and municipal boundaries.
There were 2248 motor vehicle crashes eliciting police response and resulting in death or serious injury of a pedestrian in Washington State between January 1, 2015 and May 8, 2020. Of the crashes resulting in serious injury or death, 498 (22%) resulted in fatalities and 1840 (82%) occurred within municipal boundaries. Cohen's kappa scores for the eight pedestrian features that were audited ranged from 0.52 to 0.86. Audit results confirmed that features such as sidewalks and crosswalks were more common at collision sites within city limits.
High school student volunteers with minimal training can reliably audit microscale pedestrian environments using limited resources.
虽然人行道和横道线等微观行人环境特征会影响行人安全，但评估跨地点或大规模的微观环境相关风险具有挑战性。解决这些挑战需要一个高效的审计协议，该协议可用于评估微观环境特征的频率。出于这个原因，我们开发了一个八项行人环境虚拟审计协议，并对美国华盛顿州的行人伤害进行了描述性流行病学研究。
我们使用了在行人与汽车碰撞现场的警方报告中的数据，在这些现场，行人严重受伤或死亡。在每个碰撞现场，参与在线暑期实习计划的高中生使用虚拟审计 Google 街景图像来评估人行道和街灯等微观行人环境特征的存在情况。我们使用 Cohen's kappa 评估了内部评估者的可靠性，并探讨了八个微观环境特征在与伤害严重程度和市政边界相关方面的流行程度。
在 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 5 月 8 日期间，华盛顿州发生了 2248 起引发警方响应并导致行人死亡或重伤的机动车碰撞事故。在导致重伤或死亡的事故中，有 498 起（22%）导致死亡，1840 起（82%）发生在市政边界内。经过审计的八项行人特征的 Cohen's kappa 评分范围从 0.52 到 0.86。审计结果证实，在城市范围内的碰撞现场，人行道和横道线等特征更为常见。
经过最少培训的高中生志愿者可以使用有限的资源可靠地审计微观行人环境。
