1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
2 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2018 Jun;59(2):231-247. doi: 10.1177/0022146518757014. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
We examine how the timing and sequencing of first marriage and childbirth are related to mortality for a cohort of 4,988 white and black women born between 1922 and 1937 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women. We use Cox proportional hazard models to estimate race differences in the association between family formation transitions and mortality. Although we find no relationships between marital histories and longevity, we do find that having children, the timing of first birth, and the sequencing of childbirth and marriage are associated with mortality. White women who had children lived longer than those who had none, but the opposite was found for black women. The effects of birth timing also differed by race; delaying first birth to older ages was protective for white women but not black women. These results underscore the importance of social context in the study of life course transitions.
我们研究了一个由 1922 年至 1937 年间出生的 4988 名白人和黑人女性组成的全国成熟女性纵向调查队列中，初婚和初育的时间和顺序与死亡率之间的关系。我们使用 Cox 比例风险模型来估计家庭形成转变与死亡率之间的关联在种族差异。虽然我们发现婚姻史与长寿之间没有关系，但我们确实发现生育、初育时间以及生育和婚姻的顺序与死亡率有关。有孩子的白人女性比没有孩子的女性寿命更长，但黑人女性则相反。初育时间的影响也因种族而异；对于白人女性来说，将初育推迟到较晚的年龄可以起到保护作用，但对黑人女性则不然。这些结果强调了社会背景在生命历程转变研究中的重要性。
