Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland.
Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Virol. 2018 Jun;30:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
The first line defense mechanisms against viral infection are mediated by the innate immune system. Viral components are detected by infected cells and/or innate immune cells that express different sensory receptors. They in turn mediate induction of direct antiviral mechanisms and further modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. For evading the innate system, most viruses have evolved efficient mechanisms to block sensing and/or antiviral functions of the innate response. Interestingly, hepatitis B virus (HBV) seems to act like a stealth virus that escapes cell intrinsic antiviral mechanisms through avoiding recognition by the innate system rather than blocking its effector functions. In line with this concept, agonistic activation of innate immunity has emerged as a promising novel anti-HBV therapy approach with several compounds having advanced to the clinical stage.
第一道防线是固有免疫系统对病毒感染的防御。病毒成分由感染细胞和（或）表达不同感应器的固有免疫细胞检测到。然后，它们转而诱导直接抗病毒机制，并进一步调节固有和适应性免疫反应。为了逃避固有系统，大多数病毒已经进化出有效的机制来阻断固有反应的感应和（或）抗病毒功能。有趣的是，乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）似乎表现得像一种隐形病毒，它通过逃避固有系统的识别而不是阻断其效应功能来逃避细胞内抗病毒机制。与这一概念一致的是，固有免疫的激动剂激活已成为一种很有前途的新型抗乙型肝炎病毒治疗方法，已有几种化合物进入临床阶段。
