Makarov O A, Zimina A N, Nenakhova E V
Gig Sanit. 2016;95(12):1188-92.
The aim of this study was the assessment of levels of pollution of territories of preschool educational institutions (PEI) by components of vehicle emissions, in dependence on their locations relatively to highways with different traffic load and, in this regard, the assessment of children health according to the incidence on the seeking medical advice. To achieve this goal there were solved following tasks: to assess air pollution levels of PEI territories by components of vehicle emissions; to evaluate levels and the structure of morbidity rate according to seeking medical advice by children attending observed PEI. In the article there is presented the evaluation of air pollution levels of the components of vehicle emissions territories 4 PEI of the city of Irkutsk located near to highways with different intensity the road transport load. The research results were obtained with the use of «Methodics for the determination vehicle emissions for summary calculations of ambient air pollution in cities», which allows to determine the maximum emissions of a moving vehicle per time unit (g/s) for the main combustion components and with following use of software «Superhighway -city» to calculate surface concentrations of considered pollutants in the surface ambient air layer (1 m) in MPC proportions. The highest levels of contamination on the content of nitric oxide and benzo- (a)-pyrene (4 and 6,5 MPC respectively) are registered in the territories adjacent to the PEI motorways with high load tracking. To assess the morbidity rate according to seeking medical advice by children attending PEI with different road transport load there were used records from outpatient medical cards «Medical card of the child» (f.112/y). Morbidity rate according to seeking medical advice was evaluated in dynamics throughout five years and calculated per 1000 cases. The total sample size accounted for 670 children. The highest morbidity incidence rate levels according both to seeking medical advice and the class of respiratory diseases were recorded in PEI located in close proximity to the highway with a high load of vehicle transport.
本研究的目的是评估学前教育机构（PEI）区域受车辆排放成分的污染水平，这取决于它们相对于不同交通负荷高速公路的位置，并据此根据就医发病率评估儿童健康状况。为实现这一目标，解决了以下任务：评估学前教育机构区域受车辆排放成分的空气污染水平；根据就读于观察到的学前教育机构的儿童的就医情况评估发病率水平和结构。本文介绍了对伊尔库茨克市4所学前教育机构区域受车辆排放成分的空气污染水平的评估，这些学前教育机构位于交通负荷强度不同的高速公路附近。研究结果是使用“城市环境空气污染汇总计算中车辆排放测定方法”获得的，该方法可以确定移动车辆在单位时间内（克/秒）主要燃烧成分的最大排放量，随后使用“高速公路-城市”软件计算地面环境空气层（1米）中所考虑污染物的地面浓度，并以最大允许浓度（MPC）比例表示。在交通负荷高的高速公路附近的学前教育机构区域，一氧化氮和苯并（a）芘含量的污染水平最高（分别为4倍和6.5倍最大允许浓度）。为了根据就读于不同交通负荷的学前教育机构的儿童的就医情况评估发病率，使用了门诊医疗卡“儿童医疗卡”（表格112/y）中的记录。根据就医情况评估的发病率在五年内动态评估，并按每1000例计算。总样本量为670名儿童。在靠近车辆运输负荷高的高速公路的学前教育机构中，就医和呼吸系统疾病类别的发病率最高。
