Development of siRNA mediated RNA interference and functional analysis of novel parasitic nematode-specific protein of Setaria digitata.

Despite the differences of the host, parasitic nematodes may share commonalities in their parasitizing genes. Setaria digitata novel protein (SDNP) is such an entity which is parasitic nematode-specific and having sequence similarities with those of W. bancrofti, B. malayi, Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus. Post-transcriptional gene silencing by siRNA mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used technique in functional genomics. Though the technique has been used in several free-living, plant and animal parasitic nematodes, it has not yet been tried out for the filarial worm S. digitata. In this study, we developed an effective siRNA delivery method by microinjection and utilized the siRNAi tool to knockdown SDNP to study the phenotypic and cellular changes associated with the interference. qPCR analysis revealed, a significant reduction of SDNP transcript levels following siRNA microinjection into S. digitata adult worms. Similarly, immunohistochemical staining indicated a reduction of SDNP protein expression. Furthermore, worms treated with siRNA showed a significant reduction of microfilariae release together with embryonic lethality by arresting an early developmental stage compared to non-treated worms. A distinct motility reduction was also observed in treated worms compared to non-treated counterparts. This is the first report of the amenability of S. digitata to the siRNA induced RNAi. The presence of inter-domain linkers of muscle-specific twitchin kinase and calcium-dependent protein kinase isoform CDPK1 together with what our results revealed suggest that SDNP is most likely a protein involved in muscle movement and growth and development of the nematode. Hence SDNP has the characteristics of a potential drug target.