BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain.
BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain.
Cytotherapy. 2018 Apr;20(4):479-498. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.011. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
The field of tissue engineering is emerging as a multidisciplinary area with promising potential for regenerating new tissues and organs. This approach requires the involvement of three essential components: stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. To date, dental pulp stem cells have received special attention because they represent a readily accessible source of stem cells. Their high plasticity and multipotential capacity to differentiate into a large array of tissues can be explained by its neural crest origin, which supports applications beyond the scope of oral tissues. Many isolation, culture and cryopreservation protocols have been proposed that are known to affect cell phenotype, proliferation rate and differentiation capacity. The clinical applications of therapies based on dental pulp stem cells demand the development of new biomaterials suitable for regenerative purposes that can act as scaffolds to handle, carry and implant stem cells into patients. Currently, the development of xeno-free culture media is emerging as a means of standardization to improve safe and reproducibility. The present review aims to describe the current knowledge of dental pulp stem cells, considering in depth the key aspects related to the characterization, establishment, maintenance and cryopreservation of primary cultures and their involvement in the multilineage differentiation potential. The main clinical applications for these stem cells and their combination with several biomaterials is also covered.
组织工程领域正在兴起，作为一个多学科领域，具有再生新组织和器官的巨大潜力。这种方法需要涉及三个基本组成部分：干细胞、支架和生长因子。迄今为止，牙髓干细胞因其易于获取而受到特别关注。它们具有较高的可塑性和多能性，能够分化为多种组织，可以用其神经嵴起源来解释，这支持了超越口腔组织范围的应用。已经提出了许多分离、培养和冷冻保存方案，这些方案已知会影响细胞表型、增殖率和分化能力。基于牙髓干细胞的治疗的临床应用要求开发适合再生目的的新型生物材料，这些材料可以作为支架来处理、携带和将干细胞植入患者体内。目前，无动物培养物培养基的开发正在成为一种标准化手段，以提高安全性和可重复性。本综述旨在描述牙髓干细胞的现有知识，深入探讨与原代培养的特征、建立、维持和冷冻保存相关的关键方面及其在多谱系分化潜能中的作用。还涵盖了这些干细胞的主要临床应用及其与几种生物材料的结合。
