Bashir Amir, Bisht Balwant Singh, Mir Javaid Iqbal, Kumar Rohit, Patiyal Rabindar Singh
Rev Biol Trop. 2016 Jun;64(2):473-82. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v64i2.19591.
In India the distribution of genus Triplophysa has been reported only in the upper drainage of the Indus River in Jammu and Kashmir and Lahul and Spiti area of Himachal Pradesh. There is no study on the taxonomic characterization of this genus from Kashmir Himalaya. Therefore the present study was aimed to characterize two important fish species Triplophysa marmorata and T. kashmirensis from Kashmir valley, by using morphometric and molecular tools. It is difficult to discriminate these two species due to the poor quality of original descriptions, and the lack of good reviews. Keeping this in view, a morphometric and molecular study was conducted. Morphometric data were analyzed by using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analyses (Principal component analysis) and mtDNA marker Cytochrome oxidase 1 was used for molecular support. Altogether, 22 morphometric characters were used and 15 characters were found significantly variable (P < 0.05). First two components of principal component analysis (PCA) i.e. PC1 and PC2 grouped these two species into separate clusters. The Cytochrome oxidase 1 analysis showed that the mean intraspecific nucleotide divergence (K2P) was 0.001 and interspecific nucleotide divergence was 0.007. Despite having low K2P divergence, these two species got separated into two distinct clades in both Neighbour joining (NJ) and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) tree building methods. But the pattern of clade formation showed that these species were recently radiated from each other and may have the same ancestor. Furthermore, these two species were found closer to Nemacheilidae than to Balitoridae family in the phylogenetic analysis. The molecular divergence between these species was also supported by variance in morphometric data. This work may build the base for the revision of taxonomic identity of these two important fishes of genus Triplophysa. The present investigation formulated that, based on morphological and mtDNA COI sequences analysis, these two taxonomic Triplophysa species should be considered as valid. The results may further assist to enhance the knowledge of the ichthyologists in understanding the ichthyofauna of Kashmir Valley and will help them in planning strategies for conservation and management of these less studied small indigenous species along their natural range of distribution.
在印度，高原鳅属的分布仅在查谟和克什米尔地区印度河上游流域以及喜马偕尔邦的拉胡尔和斯皮提地区有报道。目前尚无关于克什米尔喜马拉雅地区该属分类特征的研究。因此，本研究旨在利用形态测量和分子工具，对克什米尔山谷的两种重要鱼类——大理石高原鳅和克什米尔高原鳅进行特征描述。由于原始描述质量不佳且缺乏完善的综述，很难区分这两个物种。鉴于此，开展了一项形态测量和分子研究。形态测量数据通过单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和多变量分析（主成分分析）进行分析，并使用线粒体DNA标记细胞色素氧化酶1提供分子支持。总共使用了22个形态测量特征，其中15个特征存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。主成分分析（PCA）的前两个成分，即PC1和PC2，将这两个物种归为不同的聚类。细胞色素氧化酶1分析表明，种内平均核苷酸差异（K2P）为0.001，种间核苷酸差异为0.007。尽管K2P差异较小，但在邻接法（NJ）和算术平均非加权配对组法（UPGMA）构建系统树的方法中，这两个物种都被分为两个不同的进化枝。但进化枝形成的模式表明，这些物种是最近从彼此分化出来的，可能有共同的祖先。此外，在系统发育分析中，发现这两个物种与条鳅科的亲缘关系比与腹吸鳅科更近。形态测量数据的差异也支持了这些物种之间的分子差异。这项工作可为修订高原鳅属这两种重要鱼类的分类身份奠定基础。本研究表明，基于形态学和线粒体DNA COI序列分析，这两个分类学上的高原鳅物种应被视为有效物种。这些结果可能进一步有助于鱼类学家增进对克什米尔山谷鱼类区系的了解，并帮助他们制定策略，在这些分布于自然范围内、研究较少的小型本土物种的分布区域进行保护和管理。
