Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Arch Dis Child. 2018 Jun;103(6):548-556. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313191. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
To estimate prevalence and persistence of 19 common paediatric conditions from infancy to 14-15 years.
Population-based prospective cohort study.
Australia.
Parallel cohorts assessed biennially from 2004 to 2014 from ages 0-1 and 4-5 years to 10-11 and 14-15 years, respectively, in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.
19 health conditions: 17 parent-reported, 2 (overweight/obesity, obesity) directly assessed. Two general measures: health status, special health care needs.
(1) prevalence estimated in 2-year age-bands and (2) persistence rates calculated at each subsequent time point for each condition among affected children.
10 090 children participated in Wave 1 and 6717 in all waves. From age 2, more than 60% of children were experiencing at least one health condition at any age. Distinct prevalence patterns by age-bands comprised eight conditions that steadily rose (overweight/obesity, obesity, injury, anxiety/depression, frequent headaches, abdominal pain, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). Six conditions fell with age (eczema, sleep problems, day-wetting, soiling, constipation, recurrent tonsillitis), three remained stable (asthma, diabetes, epilepsy) and two peaked in mid-childhood (dental decay, recurrent ear infections). Conditions were more likely to persist if present for 2 years; persistence was especially high for obesity beyond 6-7 (91.3%-95.1% persisting at 14-15).
Beyond infancy, most Australian children are experiencing at least one ongoing health condition at any given time. This study's age-specific estimates of prevalence and persistence should assist families and clinicians to plan care. Conditions showing little resolution (obesity, asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) require long-term planning and management.
估计从婴儿期到 14-15 岁的 19 种常见儿科疾病的患病率和持续性。
基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。
澳大利亚。
分别从 2004 年至 2014 年，在年龄为 0-1 岁和 4-5 岁的儿童中进行了两次平行队列评估，然后在年龄为 10-11 岁和 14-15 岁的儿童中进行了评估，这些儿童都参与了澳大利亚儿童纵向研究。
19 种健康状况：17 种由父母报告，2 种（超重/肥胖，肥胖）直接评估。两个一般指标：健康状况，特殊的医疗保健需求。
（1）在每两年的年龄组中估计患病率；（2）在每个后续时间点，对于受影响儿童的每种疾病计算持续率。
10090 名儿童参加了第 1 波研究，6717 名儿童参加了所有波次的研究。从 2 岁起，超过 60%的儿童在任何年龄段都会经历至少一种健康问题。按年龄分组的不同流行模式包括 8 种疾病，这些疾病的发病率呈稳步上升趋势（超重/肥胖，肥胖，伤害，焦虑/抑郁，频繁头痛，腹痛，自闭症谱系障碍，注意缺陷多动障碍）。有 6 种疾病随着年龄的增长而下降（湿疹，睡眠问题，日间遗尿，大便失禁，便秘，复发性扁桃体炎），3 种疾病保持稳定（哮喘，糖尿病，癫痫），2 种疾病在儿童中期达到高峰（龋齿，复发性耳部感染）。如果存在 2 年以上，疾病更有可能持续存在；肥胖症的持续时间特别长，6-7 岁以后（14-15 岁时持续率为 91.3%-95.1%）。
在婴儿期之后，大多数澳大利亚儿童在任何特定时间都会经历至少一种持续存在的健康问题。本研究针对特定年龄的患病率和持续性的估计结果应有助于家庭和临床医生进行护理计划。对于那些改善程度很小的疾病（肥胖症，哮喘，注意缺陷多动障碍）需要进行长期规划和管理。
