Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1048:143-161. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_9.
The wider applications of nanoparticles (NPs) has evoked a world-wide concern due to their possible risk of toxicity in humans and other organisms. Aggregation and accumulation of NPs into cell leads to their interaction with biological macromolecules including proteins, nucleic acids and cellular organelles, which eventually induce toxicological effects. Application of toxicogenomics to investigate molecular pathway-based toxicological consequences has opened new vistas in nanotoxicology research. Indeed, genomic approaches appeared as a new paradigm in terms of providing information at molecular levels and have been proven to be as a powerful tool for identification and quantification of global shifts in gene expression. Toxicological responses of NPs have been discussed in this chapter with the aim to provide a clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPs induced toxicity both in in vivo and in vitro test models.
纳米粒子（NPs）的广泛应用由于其在人类和其他生物体中可能存在毒性风险而引起了全球关注。NPs 聚集和积累到细胞中会导致它们与包括蛋白质、核酸和细胞细胞器在内的生物大分子相互作用，最终诱导毒理学效应。将毒理学基因组学应用于研究基于分子途径的毒理学后果，为纳米毒理学研究开辟了新的视野。事实上，基因组方法在提供分子水平的信息方面似乎是一个新的范例，并已被证明是识别和量化基因表达全局变化的有力工具。本章讨论了 NPs 的毒理学反应，旨在清楚地了解 NPs 诱导的毒性的分子机制，无论是在体内还是体外测试模型中。
