Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries Shirgaon, Rantagiri, Maharashtra, India.
Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1048:263-284. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_16.
The increasing application of nanomaterials both in commercial and industrial products has led their accumulation in the aquatic ecosystem. The rapid development and large scale production of nanomaterials in the last few decades have stimulated concerns regarding their potential environmental health risks on aquatic biota. Inorganic nanoparticles, due to their unique properties and associated material characteristics resulted in toxicity of these nanomaterials in aquatic organisms. Understanding their novel properties at nanoscale has established to be a significant aspect of their toxicity. Unique properties such as size, surface area, surface coating, surface charge, aggregation of particles and dissolution may affect cellular uptake, molecular response, in vivo reactivity and delivery across tissues of living organism. Already lot of research in the past three or four decades within the nano-ecotoxicology field had been carried out. However, there is not any standard technique yet to assess toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) on different biological systems such as reproductive, respiratory, nervous, gastrointestinal systems, and development stages of aquatic organisms. Specific toxicological techniques and quantification of nanoparticles are vital to establish regulations to control their impact on the aquatic organism and their release in the aquatic environment. The main aim of this chapter is to critically evaluate the current literature on the toxicity of nanomaterials on aquatic organism.
纳米材料在商业和工业产品中的应用日益广泛，导致它们在水生生态系统中的积累。在过去几十年中，纳米材料的快速发展和大规模生产引起了人们对其对水生生物潜在环境健康风险的关注。由于无机纳米粒子具有独特的性质和相关的材料特性，这些纳米材料对水生生物具有毒性。了解它们在纳米尺度上的新颖性质已成为其毒性的一个重要方面。独特的性质，如大小、表面积、表面涂层、表面电荷、颗粒聚集和溶解，可能会影响细胞摄取、分子反应、体内反应性以及生物活体组织的传递。在过去的三、四十年里，纳米生态毒理学领域已经进行了大量的研究。然而，目前还没有任何标准技术来评估纳米颗粒（NPs）对不同生物系统（如生殖、呼吸、神经、胃肠道系统和水生生物的发育阶段）的毒性。特定的毒理学技术和纳米颗粒的定量对于制定控制其对水生生物的影响及其在水生环境中释放的规定至关重要。本章的主要目的是批判性地评估关于纳米材料对水生生物毒性的现有文献。
