Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 9;9:3074. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03074. eCollection 2018.
In recent years, the unique properties of nanoparticles have fostered novel applications in various fields such as biology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and others. Unfortunately, their rapid integration into daily life has also led to environmental concerns due to uncontrolled release of nanoparticles into the aquatic environment. Despite increasing awareness of nanoparticle bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment, much remains to be learned about their impact on aquatic organisms and how to best monitor these effects. Herein, we provide the first review of innate immunity as an emerging tool to assess the health of fish following nanoparticle exposure. Fish are widely used as sentinels for aquatic ecosystem pollution and innate immune parameters offer sensitive and reliable tools that can be harnessed for evaluation of contamination events. The most frequent biomarkers highlighted in literature to date include, but are not limited to, parameters associated with leukocyte dynamics, oxidative stress, and cytokine production. Taken together, innate immunity offers finite and sensitive biomarkers for assessment of the impact of nanoparticles on fish health.
近年来，纳米粒子的独特性质在生物学、制药、农业等各个领域催生了新的应用。不幸的是，由于纳米粒子不受控制地释放到水环境中，它们的快速融入日常生活也引起了人们对环境的关注。尽管人们越来越意识到纳米颗粒在水环境中的生物累积，但对于它们对水生生物的影响以及如何最好地监测这些影响，仍有许多需要了解。在此，我们首次综述了先天免疫作为一种新兴工具，用于评估鱼类在纳米颗粒暴露后的健康状况。鱼类被广泛用作水生态系统污染的哨兵，先天免疫参数提供了敏感和可靠的工具，可以用于评估污染事件。迄今为止，文献中强调的最常见的生物标志物包括但不限于与白细胞动力学、氧化应激和细胞因子产生相关的参数。总之，先天免疫为评估纳米颗粒对鱼类健康的影响提供了有限的、敏感的生物标志物。
