Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Umultowska, 89b 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Biology, Umultowska, 8961-614 Poznań, Poland.
Water Res. 2018 May 15;135:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.020. Epub 2018 Feb 10.
Polyphenols are chemicals that primarily inhibit the growth of various autotrophic organisms. The presence of these metabolites greatly boosts the ecological dominance of eg. Cladophora, which creates large surface mats. The main goal of our work was to quantify the phenol and polyphenols (allelopathic substances) secreted by the macroalgae as a result of exposure to biotic stress caused by competition. The research was carried out on the Cladophora glomerata biomass collected from two freshwater ecosystems located in Wielkopolska Region (Poland, Fig. 1): Oporzynskie Lake (N52° 55', E 17° 9') and Nielba River (N52˚48', E 17° 12'). Seasonal variability (May-October 2015) in the properties of C. glomerata mats in the river and lake ecosystem was also analyzed in relation to the physicochemical parameters of water. In addition, the content of pigments in the analyzed biomass was determined during the appearance of algae mats in water reservoirs. Biomass extraction was performed to determine the phenolic and carotenoid contents (chlorophyll and carotenoids) by using two extraction methods: microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). After isolation of the phenols from the thalli (mats) and the habitat, they were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications, while the pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoids) was evaluated by the spectrophotometric method Liechtenthaler (1987) with some variations. Analysis of the content of these components in algae extracts indicates that the tendency of changes in their contents was similar or the same. Growth and decrease of phenolic content (Cladophora T MAE and Cladophora T SFE) and pigments (MAE chlorophyll, SFE and MAE carotenoids) at the same time were independent of the insulation method used. The mats formed by C. glomerata on the surface of Lake Oporzyńskie were more stable and larger surface area than those on the Nielba River, which could explain differences in polyphenol concentrations in these two aquatic ecosystems. The results suggest a reduction in the secretion of phenolic compounds with an aging population of algae.
多酚类物质主要抑制各种自养生物的生长。这些代谢产物的存在极大地增强了例如，绿藻的生态优势，形成了大面积的垫状物。我们工作的主要目的是量化由于生物胁迫而由大型藻类分泌的酚类和多酚类物质（化感物质）。这些生物胁迫是由竞争引起的。研究是在从位于大波兰省（波兰，图 1）的两个淡水生态系统中收集的绿球藻生物量上进行的：奥波日采内湖（N52°55'，E17°9'）和尼尔巴河（N52˚48'，E17°12'）。还分析了河流和湖泊生态系统中绿球藻垫状物的季节性变化（2015 年 5 月至 10 月）与水的理化参数之间的关系。此外，还在水库中藻类垫状物出现期间确定了分析生物量中的色素含量。通过使用两种提取方法：微波辅助提取（MAE）和超临界流体提取（SFE），进行生物量提取以确定酚类和类胡萝卜素（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）的含量。从藻体（垫状物）和栖息地中分离出酚类物质后，使用 Folin-Ciocalteu 法进行分析，并进行了一些修改，而色素含量（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）则通过 Liechtenthaler（1987）的分光光度法进行评估，并进行了一些变化。对藻类提取物中这些成分含量的分析表明，其含量变化的趋势相似或相同。多酚含量（MAE Cladophora T 和 SFE Cladophora T）和色素（MAE 叶绿素、SFE 和 MAE 类胡萝卜素）的同时增长和减少与所使用的隔离方法无关。与尼尔巴河相比，奥波日采内湖表面形成的绿球藻垫状物更稳定，表面积更大，这可以解释这两个水生生态系统中多酚浓度的差异。结果表明，随着藻类年龄的增长，酚类化合物的分泌减少。
