Silva Aurora, Silva Sofia A, Carpena M, Garcia-Oliveira P, Gullón P, Barroso M Fátima, Prieto M A, Simal-Gandara J
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Sep 25;9(10):642. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9100642.
In the last few decades, attention on new natural antimicrobial compounds has arisen due to a change in consumer preferences and the increase in the number of resistant microorganisms. Macroalgae play a special role in the pursuit of new active molecules as they have been traditionally consumed and are known for their chemical and nutritional composition and their biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Among the bioactive molecules of algae, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments can be highlighted. However, for the complete obtaining and incorporation of these molecules, it is essential to achieve easy, profitable and sustainable recovery of these compounds. For this purpose, novel liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction techniques have been studied, such as supercritical, ultrasound, microwave, enzymatic, high pressure, accelerated solvent and intensity pulsed electric fields extraction techniques. Moreover, different applications have been proposed for these compounds, such as preservatives in the food or cosmetic industries, as antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry, as antibiofilm, antifouling, coating in active packaging, prebiotics or in nanoparticles. This review presents the main antimicrobial potential of macroalgae, their specific bioactive compounds and novel green extraction technologies to efficiently extract them, with emphasis on the antibacterial and antifungal data and their applications.
在过去几十年中，由于消费者偏好的变化以及耐药微生物数量的增加，人们开始关注新型天然抗菌化合物。大型藻类在寻找新的活性分子方面发挥着特殊作用，因为它们一直被人们食用，并且以其化学和营养成分以及包括抗菌活性在内的生物学特性而闻名。在藻类的生物活性分子中，蛋白质和肽、多糖、多酚、多不饱和脂肪酸和色素尤为突出。然而，为了完整地获取和纳入这些分子，实现这些化合物的简便、盈利且可持续的回收至关重要。为此，人们研究了新型液 - 液和固 - 液萃取技术，如超临界萃取、超声萃取、微波萃取、酶萃取、高压萃取、加速溶剂萃取和高强度脉冲电场萃取技术。此外，还针对这些化合物提出了不同的应用，如在食品或化妆品行业用作防腐剂，在制药行业用作抗生素，用作抗生物膜、防污、活性包装涂层、益生元或用于纳米颗粒。本综述介绍了大型藻类的主要抗菌潜力、其特定的生物活性化合物以及高效提取它们的新型绿色萃取技术，重点关注抗菌和抗真菌数据及其应用。
