Ross Elliot M, Redman Theodore T, Mapp Julian G, Brown Derek J, Tanaka Kaori, Cooley Craig W, Kharod Chetan U, Wampler David A
1University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio,Office of the Medical Director,San Antonio,TexasUSA.
2San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium,JBSA Fort Sam Houston,TexasUSA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018 Apr;33(2):127-132. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X18000055. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
The "Stop the Bleed" campaign advocates for non-medical personnel to be trained in basic hemorrhage control. However, it is not clear what type of education or the duration of instruction needed to meet that requirement. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a brief hemorrhage control educational curriculum on the willingness of laypersons to respond during a traumatic emergency.
This "Stop the Bleed" education initiative was conducted by the University of Texas Health San Antonio Office of the Medical Director (San Antonio, Texas USA) between September 2016 and March 2017. Individuals with formal medical certification were excluded from this analysis. Trainers used a pre-event questionnaire to assess participants knowledge and attitudes about tourniquets and responding to traumatic emergencies. Each training course included an individual evaluation of tourniquet placement, 20 minutes of didactic instruction on hemorrhage control techniques, and hands-on instruction with tourniquet application on both adult and child mannequins. The primary outcome in this study was the willingness to use a tourniquet in response to a traumatic medical emergency.
Of 236 participants, 218 met the eligibility criteria. When initially asked if they would use a tourniquet in real life, 64.2% (140/218) responded "Yes." Following training, 95.6% (194/203) of participants responded that they would use a tourniquet in real life. When participants were asked about their comfort level with using a tourniquet in real life, there was a statistically significant improvement between their initial response and their response post training (2.5 versus 4.0, based on 5-point Likert scale; P<.001).
In this hemorrhage control education study, it was found that a short educational intervention can improve laypersons' self-efficacy and reported willingness to use a tourniquet in an emergency. Identified barriers to act should be addressed when designing future hemorrhage control public health education campaigns. Community education should continue to be a priority of the "Stop the Bleed" campaign. Ross EM , Redman TT , Mapp JG , Brown DJ , Tanaka K , Cooley CW , Kharod CU , Wampler DA . Stop the bleed: the effect of hemorrhage control education on laypersons' willingness to respond during a traumatic medical emergency. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):127-132.
“止血”运动倡导对非医务人员进行基本出血控制培训。然而，尚不清楚需要何种类型的教育或培训时长才能满足这一要求。本研究的目的是确定简短的出血控制教育课程对外行人在创伤性紧急情况下做出反应的意愿的影响。
这项“止血”教育倡议由美国德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥健康科学中心医疗主任办公室（美国德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥）于2016年9月至2017年3月开展。本分析排除了具有正式医学认证的个体。培训人员使用事前问卷评估参与者关于止血带以及应对创伤性紧急情况的知识和态度。每个培训课程包括对止血带放置的个体评估、20分钟关于出血控制技术的理论教学，以及在成人和儿童人体模型上进行止血带应用的实践教学。本研究的主要结果是在创伤性医疗紧急情况下使用止血带的意愿。
236名参与者中，218名符合纳入标准。最初询问他们是否会在现实生活中使用止血带时，64.2%（140/218）回答“会”。培训后，95.6%（194/203）的参与者回答他们会在现实生活中使用止血带。当询问参与者在现实生活中使用止血带的舒适度时，他们的初始回答与培训后的回答之间存在统计学上的显著改善（基于5分李克特量表，分别为2.5和4.0；P<0.001）。
在这项出血控制教育研究中，发现简短的教育干预可以提高外行人的自我效能感，并报告他们在紧急情况下使用止血带的意愿。在设计未来的出血控制公共卫生教育活动时，应解决已识别的行动障碍。社区教育应继续作为“止血”运动的优先事项。罗斯·E.M.，雷德曼·T.T.，马普·J.G.，布朗·D.J.，田中·K.，库利·C.W.，卡罗德·C.U.，万普勒·D.A.。止血：出血控制教育对外行人在创伤性医疗紧急情况下做出反应意愿的影响。院前急救与灾难医学。2018；33(2)：127 - 132。
