Ogundele Michael O
Department of Community Paediatrics, NHS Fife, Glenwood Health Centre, Glenrothes KY6 1HK, United Kingdom.
World J Clin Pediatr. 2018 Feb 8;7(1):9-26. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v7.i1.9.
Mental health problems in children and adolescents include several types of emotional and behavioural disorders, including disruptive, depression, anxiety and pervasive developmental (autism) disorders, characterized as either internalizing or externalizing problems. Disruptive behavioural problems such as temper tantrums, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional, defiant or conduct disorders are the commonest behavioural problems in preschool and school age children. The routine Paediatric clinic or Family Medicine/General Practitioner surgery presents with several desirable characteristics that make them ideal for providing effective mental health services to children and adolescents. DSM-5 and ICD-10 are the universally accepted standard criteria for the classification of mental and behaviour disorders in childhood and adults. The age and gender prevalence estimation of various childhood behavioural disorders are variable and difficult to compare worldwide. A review of relevant published literature was conducted, including published meta-analyses and national guidelines. We searched for articles indexed by Ovid, PubMed, PubMed Medical Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Database of Abstracts and Reviews, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews and other online sources. The searches were conducted using a combination of search expressions including "childhood", "behaviour", "disorders" or "problems". Childhood behaviour and emotional problems with their related disorders have significant negative impacts on the individual, the family and the society. They are commonly associated with poor academic, occupational, and psychosocial functioning. It is important for all healthcare professionals, especially the Paediatricians to be aware of the range of presentation, prevention and management of the common mental health problems in children and adolescents.
儿童和青少年的心理健康问题包括多种类型的情绪和行为障碍，包括破坏性行为、抑郁、焦虑和广泛性发育障碍（自闭症），可分为内化问题或外化问题。发脾气、注意力缺陷多动障碍、对立违抗或品行障碍等破坏性行为问题是学龄前和学龄儿童最常见的行为问题。常规儿科诊所或家庭医学/全科医生诊所具有几个理想的特点，使其非常适合为儿童和青少年提供有效的心理健康服务。《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）和《国际疾病分类》第10版（ICD-10）是全球公认的儿童和成人精神与行为障碍分类的标准准则。世界各地各种儿童行为障碍的年龄和性别患病率估计各不相同，难以比较。我们对相关的已发表文献进行了综述，包括已发表的荟萃分析和国家指南。我们搜索了由Ovid、PubMed、PubMed医学中心、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）、摘要与综述数据库以及考克兰系统评价数据库和其他在线资源索引的文章。搜索使用了包括“儿童期”、“行为”、“障碍”或“问题”等搜索表达式的组合。儿童行为和情绪问题及其相关障碍对个人、家庭和社会都有重大负面影响。它们通常与学业、职业和心理社会功能不佳有关。所有医疗保健专业人员，尤其是儿科医生，了解儿童和青少年常见心理健康问题的表现范围、预防和管理非常重要。
