Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University - Edinburgh, Musselburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland.
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 20;7(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0679-8.
Cholera is a highly infectious diarrheal disease spread via fecal contamination of water and food sources; it is endemic in parts of Africa and Asia and recent outbreaks have been reported in Haiti, the Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo. If left untreated, the disease can be fatal in less than 24 h and result in case fatality ratios of 30-50%. Cholera disproportionately affects those living in areas with poor access to water and sanitation: the long-term public health response is focused on improving water and hygiene facilities and access. Short-term measures for infection prevention and control, and disease characterization and surveillance, are impaired by diagnostic delays: culture methods are slow and rely on the availability of infrastructure and specialist equipment. Rapid diagnostic tests have shown promise under field conditions and further innovations in this area have been proposed.
This paper is the protocol for a systematic review focused on identifying current technologies and methods used for cholera diagnosis in stool, and detection in water. We will synthesize and appraise information on product technical specifications, accuracy and design features in order to inform infection prevention and control and innovation development. Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Proquest, IndMed and the WHO and Campbell libraries will be searched. We will include studies reporting on field evaluations, including within-study comparisons against a reference standard, and laboratory evaluations reporting on product validation against field stool or water samples. We will extract data according to protocol and attempt meta-analyses if appropriate given data availability and quality.
The systematic review builds on a previous scoping review in this field and expands upon this by synthesising data on both product technical characteristics and design features. The review will be of particular value to stakeholders engaged in diagnostic procurement and manufacturers interested in developing cholera or diarrheal disease diagnostics.
PROSPERO CRD42016048428 .
霍乱是一种高度传染性的腹泻病，通过粪便污染水和食物源传播；它在非洲和亚洲部分地区流行，最近在海地、赞比亚和刚果民主共和国报告了暴发疫情。如果不加以治疗，这种疾病在不到 24 小时内可能致命，导致病死率为 30-50%。霍乱不成比例地影响那些生活在获得水和卫生设施机会有限地区的人：长期公共卫生应对措施侧重于改善水和卫生设施及获取机会。感染预防和控制以及疾病特征和监测的短期措施受到诊断延迟的影响：培养方法缓慢，依赖基础设施和专业设备的可用性。现场条件下的快速诊断测试显示出了前景，并且在该领域提出了进一步的创新。
本文是一项系统评价的方案，重点是确定目前用于粪便中霍乱诊断和水中检测的技术和方法。我们将综合和评估有关产品技术规格、准确性和设计特点的信息，以便为感染预防和控制以及创新发展提供信息。我们将检索 Embase、MEDLINE、CINAHL、Proquest、IndMed 和世界卫生组织以及 Campbell 图书馆。我们将包括报告现场评估的研究，包括对参考标准进行的研究内比较，以及报告针对现场粪便或水样进行产品验证的实验室评估。我们将根据方案提取数据，并根据数据的可用性和质量尝试进行荟萃分析。
该系统评价是基于该领域的先前范围综述，通过综合产品技术特性和设计特点的数据来扩展该综述。该综述对于参与诊断采购的利益相关者以及有兴趣开发霍乱或腹泻病诊断的制造商将具有特别的价值。
PROSPERO CRD42016048428 。
