Centre for Enteric Diseases.
J Infect Dis. 2013 Nov 1;208 Suppl 1:S23-31. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit196.
Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 is necessary for cholera outbreak confirmation. Rapid diagnostic testing of fecal specimens, based on lipopolysaccharide detection of V. cholerae O1 or O139, may assist in early outbreak detection and surveillance. Cary-Blair transport medium is recommended for specimen transport. Filter paper, although used in epidemics, needs evaluation against rectal swab specimens. Fecal specimens are subcultured onto selective and nonselective media, including 5% blood agar and TCBS agar, for detection of V. cholerae O1 or O139. Suspicious, oxidase-positive isolates are serotyped in monovalent antisera. Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing is performed to detect resistance. Molecular characterization supports phenotypic identification and outbreak investigations. The presence of genes encoding cholera toxin, lipopolysaccharide, and El Tor biotype traits can be confirmed. Standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis facilitates strain comparison. Quality management ensures reliability of results through validation and verification of functional laboratory equipment; quality control of testing procedures, laboratory reagents, and consumables; and participation in proficiency-testing schemes.
霍乱弧菌 O1 的分离对于霍乱暴发的确认是必要的。基于霍乱弧菌 O1 或 O139 的脂多糖检测的粪便标本快速诊断检测，可能有助于早期暴发的检测和监测。推荐使用 Cary-Blair 运输培养基进行标本运输。滤纸条虽然在流行期间使用过，但需要对直肠拭子标本进行评估。粪便标本接种于选择性和非选择性培养基上，包括 5%血琼脂和 TCBS 琼脂，以检测霍乱弧菌 O1 或 O139。可疑的、氧化酶阳性的分离株用单价抗血清进行血清分型。进行抗菌药物敏感性试验以检测耐药性。分子特征分析支持表型鉴定和暴发调查。可以确认编码霍乱毒素、脂多糖和 El Tor 生物型特征的基因的存在。标准化脉冲场凝胶电泳分析有助于菌株比较。质量管理通过验证和确认功能实验室设备；检测程序、实验室试剂和消耗品的质量控制；以及参与能力验证计划，确保结果的可靠性。
