Nomakhosi Mpofana, Heidi Abrahamse
a Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , South Africa.
J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2018 Nov-Dec;20(7-8):470-481. doi: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1427874. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
A blemish free, even-toned skin is universally associated with healthy skin. This reasoning makes people desire to have a flawless skin. Melanin is a naturally occurring pigment in humans. This pigment is responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, therefore determines our race and phenotypic appearance. On darker skin types, it is common that melanin production processes malfunctions. These malfunctions often lead to overproduction and secretion of melanin. As a result, unwanted pigmentary problems such melasma occur. Due to unknown etiology and its recurrence in nature, melasma is challenging to treat. The current available melasma treatment options often produce undesired side effects and suboptimum results. First-line topical treatments usually involve hydroquinone or topical steroids. Apart from the irritant reactions, this treatment mode is not suitable for all skin types. Skin care specialists are in search of an effective long-term cosmetics and cosmeceuticals to address hypermelanosis problems. Understanding of naturally occurring depigmenting agents provides an opportunity for more effective ways to manage melasma in all skin types. This review considers the benefits of naturally occurring ingredients which could help address skin pigmentation problems and broaden the choice for skin-lightening treatments.
无瑕疵、肤色均匀的皮肤普遍被认为是健康肌肤的象征。基于此,人们都渴望拥有完美肌肤。黑色素是人体内天然存在的一种色素。这种色素决定了皮肤、头发和眼睛的颜色,进而决定了我们的种族和表型外貌。在肤色较深的人群中,黑色素生成过程出现故障是很常见的。这些故障通常会导致黑色素过度生成和分泌。结果就会出现诸如黄褐斑等 unwanted pigmentary 问题。由于病因不明且具有复发性,黄褐斑的治疗颇具挑战性。目前现有的黄褐斑治疗方法往往会产生不良副作用且效果欠佳。一线局部治疗通常包括使用对苯二酚或局部类固醇。除了刺激性反应外,这种治疗方式并不适用于所有皮肤类型。皮肤护理专家正在寻找一种有效的长期化妆品和药妆产品来解决色素沉着过度问题。对天然存在的色素脱失剂的了解为更有效地管理所有皮肤类型的黄褐斑提供了机会。本综述探讨了天然成分的益处,这些成分有助于解决皮肤色素沉着问题,并拓宽美白治疗的选择范围。