School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom. Leicester Kidney Exercise Team, John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester and Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
Leicester Kidney Exercise Team, John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester and Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Exerc Immunol Rev. 2018;24:46-58.
Microparticles (MPs) are shed membrane vesicles released from a variety of cell types in response to cellular activation or apoptosis. They are elevated in a wide variety of disease states and have been previously measured to assess both disease activity and severity. However, recent research suggests that they also possess bioeffector functions, including but not limited to promoting coagulation and thrombosis, inducing endothelial dysfunction, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine release and driving angiogenesis, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk. Current evidence suggests that exercise may reduce both the number and pathophysiological potential of circulating MPs, making them an attractive therapeutic target. However, the existing body of literature is largely comprised of in vitro or animal studies and thus drawing meaningful conclusions with regards to health and disease remains difficult. In this review, we highlight the role of microparticles in disease, comment on the use of exercise and dietary manipulation as a therapeutic strategy, and suggest future research directions that would serve to address some of the limitations present in the research to date.
微粒（MPs）是各种细胞类型在细胞激活或凋亡时释放的膜小泡。它们在多种疾病状态下升高，并已被用于评估疾病的活动度和严重程度。然而，最近的研究表明，它们还具有生物效应功能，包括但不限于促进凝血和血栓形成、诱导内皮功能障碍、增加促炎细胞因子的释放和促进血管生成，从而增加心血管风险。目前的证据表明，运动可能会减少循环 MPs 的数量和病理生理潜能，使它们成为一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。然而，现有的文献主要由体外或动物研究组成，因此，关于健康和疾病的相关结论仍然难以得出。在这篇综述中，我们强调了微粒在疾病中的作用，评论了运动和饮食干预作为一种治疗策略的应用，并提出了未来的研究方向，以解决目前研究中的一些局限性。
