Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 694, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Nov;32(11):659-65. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.06.005. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
Cells communicate with other cells not only via direct cell-cell contact and the production of signaling molecules but also through release of microparticles (MPs). MPs are small vesicles released from stimulated and/or apoptotic cells. They harbor membrane proteins that are characteristic of the original parent cell and intracellular components involved in cell signaling. MPs are considered to be both biomarkers and effectors of cell signaling that maintain and/or initiate cell dysfunction. Thus, MPs can evoke endothelial dysfunction by decreasing nitric oxide (NO) production and promoting vascular inflammation which favor the prothrombotic state in atherosclerosis. Novel pharmacological approaches targeting MP production or properties could be used to treat cardiovascular pathologies. Paradoxically, another useful approach might be to employ engineered MPs with modified compositions as therapeutic agents to correct cardiovascular pathologies. This review is focused on the mechanisms of MP formation and their effects on target cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions.
细胞不仅通过直接的细胞间接触和信号分子的产生与其他细胞进行通讯，还通过释放微颗粒 (MPs) 进行通讯。 MPs 是从小鼠刺激和/或凋亡细胞中释放的小囊泡。它们携带的膜蛋白是原始亲本细胞的特征，并且包含参与细胞信号转导的细胞内成分。 MPs 被认为是细胞信号转导的生物标志物和效应物，可维持和/或引发细胞功能障碍。因此， MPs 可通过减少一氧化氮 (NO) 的产生和促进血管炎症来引起内皮功能障碍，从而有利于动脉粥样硬化中的血栓形成状态。针对 MP 产生或特性的新型药理学方法可用于治疗心血管疾病。矛盾的是，另一种有用的方法可能是使用经过修饰的组成的工程化 MPs 作为治疗剂来纠正心血管疾病。这篇综述主要集中在生理或病理条件下 MP 形成的机制及其对靶细胞的影响。
