Pharmacological analysis of the neurotransmitter mechanisms regulating phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in the adrenal gland.

The i.p. administration of reserpine daily for 4 days to rats brought about an increase of adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity. However, the combination of the systemic administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and reserpine for 3 days produced an earlier increase in this adrenal enzyme. The effect was reduced significantly in the denervated gland. Prior administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT) i.c.v. to rats greatly potentiated the inducing effect of reserpine. On the other hand, the depletion of catecholamines by giving rats alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) i.p. or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) i.c.v. did not alter the action of reserpine on adrenal PNMT. PCPA, DHT, AMPT and 6-OHDA did not have any effect by themselves on adrenal PNMT, but the combination of PCPA and AMPT, each given i.p., caused increased adrenal PNMT activity. The administration of dopamine agonists, a treatment that increases adrenal TH, did not modify adrenal PNMT. We conclude that the induction of PNMT by reserpine involves depletion of catecholamines and serotonin, the depletion of serotonin having the more powerful effect. A monoaminergic (serotonergic) inhibitory pathway is involved in the central regulation of adrenal PNMT activity.