Samanta Amrita, Hughes Taylor E T, Moiseenkova-Bell Vera Y
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Subcell Biochem. 2018;87:141-165. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_6.
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. The mammalian TRP superfamily of ion channels consists of 28 cation permeable channels that are grouped into six subfamilies based on sequence homology (Fig. 6.1). The canonical TRP (TRPC) subfamily is known for containing the founding member of mammalian TRP channels. The vanilloid TRP (TRPV) subfamily has been extensively studied due to the heat sensitivity of its founding member. The melastatin-related TRP (TRPM) subfamily includes some of the few known bi-functional ion channels, which contain functional enzymatic domains. The ankyrin TRP (TRPA) subfamily consists of a single chemo-nociceptor that has been proposed to be a target for analgesics. The mucolipin TRP (TRPML) subfamily channels are found primarily in intracellular compartments and were discovered based on their critical role in type IV mucolipidosis (ML-IV). The polycystic TRP (TRPP) subfamily is a diverse group of proteins implicated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Overall, this superfamily of channels is involved in a vast array of physiological and pathophysiological processes making the study of these channels imperative to our understanding of subcellular biochemistry.
瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道是进化上保守的整合膜蛋白。哺乳动物的TRP离子通道超家族由28个阳离子通透通道组成，这些通道根据序列同源性分为六个亚家族（图6.1）。典型TRP（TRPC）亚家族因包含哺乳动物TRP通道的创始成员而闻名。香草酸TRP（TRPV）亚家族因其创始成员的热敏感性而受到广泛研究。与褪黑素相关的TRP（TRPM）亚家族包括一些已知的双功能离子通道，这些通道含有功能性酶结构域。锚蛋白TRP（TRPA）亚家族由单一的化学伤害感受器组成，有人提出它是镇痛药的靶点。粘脂质TRP（TRPML）亚家族通道主要存在于细胞内区室，是基于它们在IV型粘脂质贮积症（ML-IV）中的关键作用而发现的。多囊蛋白TRP（TRPP）亚家族是一组与常染色体显性多囊肾病（ADPKD）有关的多种蛋白质。总体而言，这个通道超家族参与了大量的生理和病理生理过程，因此对这些通道的研究对于我们理解亚细胞生物化学至关重要。
