Gijón-Díaz Diego, Reyes-Bonilla Héctor, Guerrero-Izquierdo Triana P, Fernández-Rivera Melo Francisco J
Rev Biol Trop. 2017 Mar;65(1):195-210.
Ornamental fisheries are economically viable activities in developing countries due to the fact that aquaria have become a worldwide hobby. In Mexico, the fishery has been conducted since the 1980s, especially in the Baja California Peninsula, but nevertheless, there are no adequate records of commercial production, or about the economic gain due to the exploitation of the resource. The objective of this paper was to calculate the maximum allowable catch for the five ornamental fishes included in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT (protected by federal mandate), and the net monetary gain that the resource might generate. Censuses (N=1 610) were conducted in 21 reef sites of the Mexican Pacific and Gulf of California in order to estimate population density of each taxon; also, natural mortality rate (M) was calculated from maximum size (L∞), individual growth rate (k) and temperature (C), and the total allowable catch was estimated on the basis of M. Finally, considering the prices of the species paid to fishermen at the beach, an estimation of the economic value of a single fishing season for an area of 220 hectares (representative of the catch area assigned in average to a cooperative in Mexico) was produced. The results indicated that the areas with the best economic potential were Encantadas Islands, Los Angeles Bay, and San Lorenzo Archipelago (all in the state of Baja California). Outside of the gulf (where no legal ornamental fisheries exist) the potentially more rentable locations were Marietas Islands (Jalisco), and the Revillagigedo Islands. Aquarium fisheries may be a viable activity in several of the analyzed areas of the country, however, the potential gain that harvest represents is not enough to fully sustain an organized group that would perform it; for that reason the ornamental fishery should be seen as an alternative commercial activity. Finally, to guarantee this activity to be a rentable and sustainable fishery, we recommended that, the existing rules defined by the Mexican federal government should be applied to control the catch quotas.
由于水族箱已成为一项全球流行的爱好，观赏渔业在发展中国家是具有经济可行性的活动。在墨西哥，自20世纪80年代以来就开展了渔业活动，尤其是在下加利福尼亚半岛，但尽管如此，却没有关于商业生产的充分记录，也没有关于因资源开发而产生的经济收益的记录。本文的目的是计算墨西哥官方标准NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT中所列的五种观赏鱼（受联邦法令保护）的最大可捕量，以及该资源可能产生的净货币收益。在墨西哥太平洋和加利福尼亚湾的21个珊瑚礁地点进行了普查（N = 1610），以估计每个分类单元的种群密度；此外，根据最大体长（L∞）、个体生长率（k）和温度（C）计算自然死亡率（M），并根据M估算总可捕量。最后，考虑到在海滩支付给渔民的物种价格，对220公顷区域（代表墨西哥合作社平均分配的捕捞区域）一个捕鱼季节的经济价值进行了估算。结果表明，经济潜力最佳的区域是恩坎塔达斯群岛、洛杉矶湾和圣洛伦索群岛（均在下加利福尼亚州）。在海湾之外（不存在合法的观赏渔业），潜在收益更高的地点是玛丽埃塔斯群岛（哈利斯科州）和雷维利亚希赫多群岛。在该国几个分析区域，水族箱渔业可能是一项可行的活动，然而，收获所代表的潜在收益不足以完全维持一个有组织的群体来开展这项活动；因此，观赏渔业应被视为一种替代性商业活动。最后为确保这项活动成为一项有利可图且可持续的渔业，我们建议应适用墨西哥联邦政府制定的现有规则来控制捕捞配额。
