Handa Avtar K, Fatima Tahira, Mattoo Autar K
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS-USDA), Beltsville, MD, United States.
Front Chem. 2018 Feb 5;6:10. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00010. eCollection 2018.
Biogenic amines-polyamines (PAs), particularly putrescine, spermidine and spermine are ubiquitous in all living cells. Their indispensable roles in many biochemical and physiological processes are becoming commonly known, including promoters of plant life and differential roles in human health and disease. PAs positively impact cellular functions in plants-exemplified by increasing longevity, reviving physiological memory, enhancing carbon and nitrogen resource allocation/signaling, as well as in plant development and responses to extreme environments. Thus, one or more PAs are commonly found in genomic and metabolomics studies using plants, particulary during different abiotic stresses. In humans, a general decline in PA levels with aging occurs parallel with some human health disorders. Also, high PA dose is detrimental to patients suffering from cancer, aging, innate immunity and cognitive impairment during Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. A dichotomy exists in that while PAs may increase longevity and reduce some age-associated cardiovascular diseases, in disease conditions involving higher cellular proliferation, their intake has negative consequences. Thus, it is essential that PA levels be rigorously quantified in edible plant sources as well as in dietary meats. Such a database can be a guide for medical experts in order to recommend which foods/meats a patient may consume and which ones to avoid. Accordingly, designing both high and low polyamine diets for human consumption are in vogue, particularly in medical conditions where PA intake may be detrimental, for instance, cancer patients. In this review, literature data has been collated for the levels of the three main PAs, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, in different edible sources-vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, meat, sea food, cheese, milk, and eggs. Based on our analysis of vast literature, the effects of PAs in human/animal health fall into two broad, Yang and Yin, categories: beneficial for the physiological processes in healthy cells and detrimental under pathological conditions.
生物胺 - 多胺（PAs），尤其是腐胺、亚精胺和精胺，在所有活细胞中普遍存在。它们在许多生物化学和生理过程中不可或缺的作用正逐渐为人所知，包括作为植物生命的促进剂以及在人类健康和疾病中的不同作用。多胺对植物细胞功能有积极影响，例如延长寿命、恢复生理记忆、增强碳和氮资源分配/信号传导，以及在植物发育和对极端环境的反应中。因此，在使用植物的基因组学和代谢组学研究中通常会发现一种或多种多胺，特别是在不同的非生物胁迫期间。在人类中，随着年龄增长多胺水平普遍下降，这与一些人类健康问题同时出现。此外，高剂量的多胺对患有癌症、衰老、先天性免疫以及阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病期间认知障碍的患者有害。存在一种二分法，即虽然多胺可能延长寿命并减少一些与年龄相关的心血管疾病，但在涉及更高细胞增殖的疾病状态下，摄入多胺会产生负面后果。因此，必须严格量化可食用植物来源以及膳食肉类中的多胺水平。这样的数据库可以为医学专家提供指导，以便推荐患者可以食用哪些食物/肉类以及应避免哪些。相应地，设计供人类食用的高多胺和低多胺饮食很流行，特别是在多胺摄入可能有害的医疗状况下，例如癌症患者。在这篇综述中，整理了不同可食用来源（蔬菜、水果、谷物、坚果、肉类、海鲜、奶酪、牛奶和鸡蛋）中三种主要多胺（腐胺、亚精胺和精胺）水平的文献数据。基于我们对大量文献的分析，多胺在人类/动物健康中的作用分为两大类，即阳和阴：对健康细胞的生理过程有益，而在病理条件下有害。
