Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Feb 22;10(2):248. doi: 10.3390/nu10020248.
Micronutrient deficiencies occur in segments of the adult population in the United States. Multivitamin/multimineral supplements (MVMS) are widely used by this population, which reduces inadequacies in micronutrient intake, but the potential for exceeding tolerable upper intake levels in others should be considered. There are concerns associated with the excessive intake of certain nutrients, particularly folic acid, and potential untoward consequences. The advent of nutrigenomics and the enhanced ability to directly study the interactions between nutrition and genetic variants and expression will allow for the conduct of more targeted studies with specific endpoints and may ultimately lead to progress in the field of personalized nutrition. The role of MVMS in health maintenance and chronic disease prevention remains controversial. Conducting studies in this area has been hampered by, among other factors, inconsistent definitions of MVMS, ranging from as few as three vitamins to broad-spectrum products containing more than two dozen vitamins and minerals. Results from some observational studies and large-scale, randomized, controlled trials suggest that MVMS may reduce the risk of some forms of cancer and, potentially, cardiovascular disease. The ongoing COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is expected to build on this research and provide additional insights into these areas.
在美国，某些成年人存在微量营养素缺乏的问题。该人群广泛使用多种维生素/矿物质补充剂（MVMS），这可以减少微量营养素摄入不足，但其他人可能会摄入超过可耐受最高摄入量，应予以考虑。过量摄入某些营养素，特别是叶酸，可能会产生不良后果，这引起了人们的关注。营养基因组学的出现以及直接研究营养与基因变异和表达之间相互作用的能力增强，将允许针对特定终点进行更有针对性的研究，并可能最终推动个性化营养领域的发展。MVMS 在维持健康和预防慢性病方面的作用仍存在争议。在这一领域开展研究受到多种因素的阻碍，其中包括对 MVMS 的定义不一致，从仅包含三种维生素到含有二十多种维生素和矿物质的广谱产品。一些观察性研究和大规模随机对照试验的结果表明，MVMS 可能降低某些癌症和心血管疾病的风险。正在进行的可可补充剂和多种维生素结局研究（COSMOS）有望在此基础上进一步研究这些领域，并提供更多的见解。
