Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Mar;122(3):525-532. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.10.019. Epub 2021 Oct 20.
Nearly a third of young US children take multivitamin/mineral (MVM) dietary supplements, yet it is unclear how formulations compare with requirements.
Describe the number and amounts of micronutrients contained in MVMs for young children and compare suggested amounts on product labels to micronutrient requirements.
Cross-sectional.
All 288 MVMs on the market in the United States in the National Institutes of Health's Dietary Supplement Label Database in 2018 labeled for children 1 to <4 years old.
Number of MVM products and amounts per day of micronutrients in each product suggested on labels compared with requirements represented by age-appropriate Daily Values (DV). Micronutrients of public health concern identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) 2015-2020 (DGA 2015) and DGA 2020-2025 (DGA 2020) or those of concern for exceeding the upper tolerable intake levels.
Number of products and percent DV per day provided by each micronutrient in each product.
The 288 MVMs contained a mean of 10.1 ± 2.27 vitamins and 4.59 ± 2.27 minerals. The most common were, in rank order, vitamins C, A, D, E, B, B; zinc, biotin, pantothenic acid, iodine, and folic acid. For micronutrients denoted by the DGA 2015 and DGA 2020 of public health concern, 56% of the 281 products containing vitamin D, 4% of the 144 with calcium, and none of the 60 containing potassium provided at least half of the DV. The upper tolerable intake level was exceeded by 49% of 197 products with folic acid, 17% of 283 with vitamin A, and 14% of 264 with zinc. Most MVMs contained many of 16 other vitamins and minerals identified in national surveys as already abundant in children's diets.
A reexamination of the amounts and types of micronutrients in MVMs might consider formulations that better fill critical gaps in intakes and avoid excess.
近三分之一的美国儿童服用多种维生素/矿物质（MVM）膳食补充剂，但尚不清楚这些配方与需求相比如何。
描述幼儿 MVM 中所含微量营养素的数量和含量，并将产品标签上建议的数量与微量营养素需求进行比较。
横断面研究。
2018 年美国国立卫生研究院膳食补充剂标签数据库中市场上的 288 种针对 1 至<4 岁儿童的 MVM。
标签上建议的每种产品中 MVM 产品数量和每天的营养素数量与代表年龄适宜的每日摄入量（DV）的营养素数量进行比较。根据 2015-2020 年《美国人膳食指南》（DGA 2015）和 2020-2025 年《美国人膳食指南》（DGA 2020）确定的公共卫生关注的微量营养素（DGA 2015）或超过可耐受摄入量上限的微量营养素。
每种产品中每种微量营养素的产品数量和每日占 DV 的百分比。
288 种 MVM 含有平均 10.1 ± 2.27 种维生素和 4.59 ± 2.27 种矿物质。最常见的是，按顺序排列，维生素 C、A、D、E、B、B；锌、生物素、泛酸、碘和叶酸。对于 DGA 2015 和 DGA 2020 标记的公共卫生关注的微量营养素，281 种含有维生素 D 的产品中有 56%，144 种含有钙的产品中有 4%，60 种含有钾的产品中没有一种提供至少一半的 DV。197 种含有叶酸的产品中有 49%超过了可耐受摄入量上限，283 种含有维生素 A 的产品中有 17%，264 种含有锌的产品中有 14%。大多数 MVM 都含有 16 种其他维生素和矿物质，这些维生素和矿物质在全国性调查中被确定为儿童饮食中已经很丰富的物质。
重新检查 MVM 中微量营养素的数量和类型时，可能需要考虑配方，以更好地填补摄入量的关键差距，并避免过量。
