Laboratorio de Oceanografía satelital, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 234000, Valparaíso, Chile.
Grupo Ecotox, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Strategic Group of Researching in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 May;25(13):12739-12748. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1403-x. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Although intensive marine fish farming is often assumed to be eco-friendly, the associated activity can lead to chronic exposure of marine organisms to potentially toxic discharges. Moreover, despite the increasing popularity of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), studies of the effects of fish farm effluents are almost non-existent. In the present study, the changes in the toxic potential of effluents from five land-based marine fish farms in NW Spain subjected for different lengths of time to a biodegradation procedure (for 0, 48, 120, and 240 h) were assessed in a battery of bioassays including organisms from different trophic levels (Vibrio fischeri, Isochrysis galbana, and Paracentrotus lividus). The results of the bioassays at the different times were then considered together with farm water flow in the Potential Ecotoxic Effects Probe (PEEP) index. Despite the high volumes of effluents discharged, the generally low toxicity of the effluents hinders assessment of potentially toxic effects. However, dose-response curves and statistical analysis demonstrated the existence of toxic effects during the first five days of the biodegradation procedure, especially immediately after sampling. The proposed modification of the PEEP index better reflects the changes in toxicity over time. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
尽管集约化海水养殖通常被认为是环保的，但相关活动会导致海洋生物长期接触潜在毒性排放物。此外，尽管综合多营养水产养殖（IMTA）的普及程度不断提高，但对养殖场废水影响的研究几乎不存在。在本研究中，评估了西班牙西北部 5 个陆地海水养殖场的废水在经过不同时间的生物降解程序（0、48、120 和 240 小时）后的毒性变化，该生物降解程序使用了来自不同营养级别的生物进行了一系列生物测定，包括发光菌（Vibrio fischeri）、金藻（Isochrysis galbana）和石斑鱼（Paracentrotus lividus）。然后，将不同时间的生物测定结果与养殖场水流的潜在生态毒性效应探针（PEEP）指数一起考虑。尽管排放的废水量很大，但废水的总体低毒性阻碍了对潜在毒性影响的评估。然而，剂量反应曲线和统计分析表明，在生物降解程序的前五天内，尤其是在采样后立即存在毒性效应。所提出的 PEEP 指数的修改更好地反映了毒性随时间的变化。
