a Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , HI , USA.
b College of Animal Science and Technology , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , China.
Anim Biotechnol. 2019 Jan;30(1):63-74. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1437045. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Meat quality traits (MQTs) are very important in the porcine industry, which are mainly determined by skeletal muscle fiber composition, extra-muscular and/or intramuscular fat content. To identify the differentially expressed candidate genes affecting the meat quality traits, first we compared the MQTs and skeletal muscle fiber characteristics in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of the Northeast Min pig (NM) and the Changbaishan wild boar (CW) with their body weight approaching 90 kg. The significant divergences in the skeletal muscle fiber phenotypes and fatness traits between the two porcine breeds established an ideal model system for further identifying potential key functional genes that dominated MQTs. Further, a transcriptome profile analysis was performed using the Illumina sequencing method in early postnatal developing LDM from the two breeds at the ages of 42 days. Comparative analysis between these two cDNA libraries showed that there were 17,653 and 22,049 unambiguous tag-mapped sense transcripts detected from NM and CW, respectively. 4522 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed between the two tissue samples, of them, 4176 genes were found as having been upregulated and 346 genes were identified as having been downregulated in the NM library. By pathway enrichment analysis, a set of significantly enriched pathways were identified for the DEGs, which are potentially involved in myofiber development, differentiation and growth, lipogenesis and lipolysis in porcine skeletal muscle. The expression levels of 30 out of the DEGs were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and the observed result was consistent noticeably with the Illumina transcriptome profiles. The findings from this study can contribute to future investigations of skeletal muscle growth and development mechanism and to establishing molecular approaches to improve meat quality traits in pig breeding.
肉质特性（MQTs）在养猪业中非常重要，主要由骨骼肌纤维组成、肌肉外和/或肌肉内脂肪含量决定。为了鉴定影响肉质特性的差异表达候选基因，我们首先比较了接近 90kg 体重的东北民猪（NM）和长白野猪（CW）背最长肌（LDM）的肉质特性和骨骼肌纤维特征。这两个猪品种的骨骼肌纤维表型和肥胖性状的显著差异为进一步鉴定主导肉质特性的潜在关键功能基因建立了理想的模型系统。进一步，我们采用 Illumina 测序方法，对这两个品种出生后 42 天的早期 LDM 进行了转录组谱分析。这两个 cDNA 文库之间的比较分析表明，从 NM 和 CW 中分别检测到了 17653 和 22049 个明确的标签映射有意义的转录本。在这两个组织样本之间，发现了 4522 个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中 4176 个基因上调，346 个基因下调。通过途径富集分析，确定了一组显著富集的途径，这些途径可能参与了猪骨骼肌中肌纤维的发育、分化和生长、脂肪生成和脂肪分解。对 DEGs 中的 30 个基因的表达水平进行了实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）验证，结果与 Illumina 转录组图谱一致，具有明显的一致性。本研究的结果有助于未来对骨骼肌生长发育机制的研究，并为猪育种中提高肉质特性的分子方法的建立提供依据。
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