Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
J Environ Manage. 2018 May 1;213:520-529. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.077. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Cyanotoxins produced by toxic cyanobacteria pose a major, worldwide environmental threat to freshwater ecosystems. Microcystins (MCs) are considered to be the most hazardous groups. Indeed, some of the largest aquatic ecosystems on the earth are being contaminated with MCs. Questions have arisen regarding their transfer and bioaccumulation in natural environment. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge regarding toxic cyanobacteria and MCs, with a specific focus on their distribution in different components of aquatic ecosystems. Their accumulation in water columns, aquatic animals, plants, and sediments is summarized. MCs have been contaminating all areas of the aquatic ecosystems. Of these, the water column was the most contaminated with MCs and served as an intermediate transmission substation. Via this route, MCs could enter to other stations such as sediment, animals, aquatic and terrestrial plants. Therefore, the use of water contaminated with MCs may induce food chain contaminations with considerable health risks.
产毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素对淡水生态系统构成了重大的全球性环境威胁。微囊藻毒素（MCs）被认为是最危险的毒素之一。事实上，地球上一些最大的水生生态系统正受到 MCs 的污染。人们对它们在自然环境中的迁移和生物累积提出了疑问。本文综述了有关有毒蓝藻和 MCs 的现有知识状况，特别关注它们在水生生态系统不同组成部分中的分布。总结了它们在水柱、水生动物、植物和沉积物中的积累情况。MCs 已经污染了水生生态系统的所有区域。在这些区域中，水柱状区域受到 MCs 的污染最为严重，是中间传输中转站。通过这种途径，MCs 可以进入其他站点，如沉积物、动物、水生和陆生植物。因此，使用受到 MCs 污染的水可能会导致食物链受到污染，带来相当大的健康风险。
