a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2018;81(9):241-253. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1440172. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a type of nitrosamine, is a possible human carcinogen that may form in cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to examine the formation and inhibition of NDELA through chemical reactions of secondary amines including mono-ethanolamine, di-ethanolamine (DEA), and tri-ethanolamine (TEA), and sodium nitrite (SN) under varying conditions such as pH, temperature, and fluorescent, ultraviolet (UV), and visual light (VIS) using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In a mixture of TEA and SN under acidic conditions pH 2, residual NDELA concentrations rose significantly under various storage conditions in the following order: 50°C > 40°C > UV (2 W/m) > VIS (4000 lux) > fluorescent light > 25°C > 10°C. In a mixture of DEA and SN under the same acidic pH 2 conditions, NDELA formation was significantly elevated in the following order: UV (2 W/m) > VIS (4000 lux) > 50°C > 40°C > fluorescent light > 25°C > 10°C. Inhibition of NDELA formation by d-mannitol, vitamin C (Vit C), or vitamin E (Vit E) was determined under varying conditions of pH, temperature, and fluorescent, UV, and VIS. At high concentrations of 100 or 1000 µg/ml, Vit E significantly decreased residual NDELA compared with control levels under acidic pH 2, but not under basic pH 6. Among various antioxidants, Vit E reacted more effectively with many nitrosating agents such as nitrate and nitrite found in cosmetic products. Therefore, to reduce NDELA, it is recommended that cosmetics be stored under cool/amber conditions and that Vit E or Vit C inhibitors of nitrosation be optimally added to cosmetic formulations at concentrations between 100 and 1000 µg/ml.
N-亚硝基二乙醇胺（NDELA）是一种亚硝胺，可能是一种人类致癌物质，可能在化妆品中形成。本研究的目的是通过化学方法研究在不同条件下，如 pH 值、温度、荧光、紫外线（UV）和可见光（VIS），包括单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺（DEA）和三乙醇胺（TEA）和亚硝酸钠（SN）在内的仲胺的化学反应来检测 NDELA 的形成和抑制作用。在 TEA 和 SN 的混合物中，在酸性条件下 pH 值为 2 时，在各种储存条件下，残留 NDELA 浓度以下列顺序显著升高：50°C>40°C>UV（2 W/m）>VIS（4000 lux）>荧光灯>25°C>10°C。在相同的酸性 pH 值 2 条件下，DEA 和 SN 的混合物中，NDELA 的形成按以下顺序显著升高：UV（2 W/m）>VIS（4000 lux）>50°C>40°C>荧光灯>25°C>10°C。在不同的 pH 值、温度、荧光、UV 和 VIS 条件下，通过 D-甘露醇、维生素 C（Vit C）或维生素 E（Vit E）来确定 NDELA 形成的抑制作用。在高浓度 100 或 1000μg/ml 时，Vit E 在酸性 pH 值 2 下与对照水平相比，显著降低了残留的 NDELA，但在碱性 pH 值 6 下则不然。在各种抗氧化剂中，Vit E 与许多在化妆品中发现的硝化成剂如硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐反应更有效。因此，为了减少 NDELA，建议将化妆品储存在阴凉/琥珀色条件下，并在化妆品配方中以 100 至 1000μg/ml 的浓度最佳添加 Vit E 或 Vit C 等硝化成抑制剂。
