Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Jun;51(6):813-821. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Cathelicidins are a primitive class of host defense peptides and are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. These small, cationic, proteolytically-activated peptides are diverse in structure, encompassing a wide range of activities on host immune and inflammatory cell responses. The dual capacity of cathelicidins to directly control infection and regulate host defenses highlights the potential use of these peptides as alternatives to antibiotics and immunomodulators. Cathelicidins are found in many mammalian species; this review focuses on bovine cathelicidins. Eight naturally and two synthetically occurring bovine cathelicidins are described in detail, with a focus on recent advances in their expression, location and biological roles. This review also presents an overview of the bioactive functions of cathelicidins in bovine mastitis, a disease causing economic losses in cattle dairy production. Comparison of the structural, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanistic properties of bovine cathelicidins advances the knowledge needed for the development of these peptides as potential identifiers of infectious diseases (e.g., bovine mastitis) and as novel therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics.
抗菌肽是一类原始的宿主防御肽，以其广谱的抗细菌、真菌和包膜病毒的活性而闻名。这些小的阳离子、蛋白水解激活的肽在结构上具有多样性，包含对宿主免疫和炎症细胞反应的广泛的活性。抗菌肽直接控制感染和调节宿主防御的双重能力突出了这些肽作为抗生素和免疫调节剂替代品的潜在用途。抗菌肽存在于许多哺乳动物物种中；本综述重点介绍牛抗菌肽。详细描述了 8 种天然和 2 种合成的牛抗菌肽，重点介绍了它们在表达、定位和生物学作用方面的最新进展。本综述还概述了抗菌肽在奶牛乳腺炎中的生物活性功能，乳腺炎是奶牛养殖生产中造成经济损失的一种疾病。比较牛抗菌肽的结构、抗菌、细胞毒性和作用机制特性，有助于开发这些肽作为传染病（如奶牛乳腺炎）潜在标志物和抗生素替代物的相关知识。
