Echchakery M, Nieto J, Boussaa S, El Fajali N, Ortega S, Souhail K, Aajly H, Chicharro C, Carrillo E, Moreno J, Boumezzough A
Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Ibn Zohr Regional Hospital Center, Marrakech, Morocco.
Ecology and the Environment Laboratory L2E (URAC 32, CNRST ERACNERS 06), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
Parasitol Res. 2018 Apr;117(4):1237-1244. doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-5805-y. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
In Morocco, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. L. infantum is transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies, and its main reservoir hosts are domestic dogs. Asymptomatic infection with L. infantum is more frequent than clinically apparent disease. In HIV-infected patients, the risk of clinical VL is increased due to immunosuppression that may reactivate latent infections. However, coinfected subjects do not necessarily develop VL and may remain as asymptomatic carriers depending on their immune status. The present study investigates the asymptomatic carriers of L. infantum in HIV-infected patients in central Morocco, where human cases of visceral leishmaniasis by L. infantum have been reported. A total of 200 HIV-infected patients attending the Infectious Diseases Unit of the Ibn Zohar Hospital of Marrakech participated in the study. Parasitological and serological blood analyses included a direct microscopic examination (DME), culture in Novy-McNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium, and serology by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI). We found prevalence rates of 5% (10/200) by IFI, 3% (6/200) by DME, and 2.5% (5/200) by culture. The parasite was identified as L. infantum by PCR from positive cultures.
在摩洛哥，内脏利什曼病（VL）是由有鞭毛的原生动物寄生虫婴儿利什曼原虫引起的一种寄生虫病。婴儿利什曼原虫通过雌性白蛉叮咬传播，其主要储存宿主是家犬。婴儿利什曼原虫的无症状感染比临床显性疾病更为常见。在HIV感染患者中，由于免疫抑制可能激活潜伏感染，临床VL的风险增加。然而，合并感染的个体不一定会患上VL，根据其免疫状态，可能会一直处于无症状携带者状态。本研究调查了摩洛哥中部HIV感染患者中婴儿利什曼原虫的无症状携带者，该地区已报告有婴儿利什曼原虫引起的人类内脏利什曼病病例。共有200名在马拉喀什伊本·祖哈尔医院传染病科就诊的HIV感染患者参与了该研究。寄生虫学和血清学血液分析包括直接显微镜检查（DME）、在诺维-麦克尼尔-尼科尔（NNN）培养基中培养以及间接免疫荧光（IFI）血清学检测。我们发现IFI检测的患病率为5%（10/200），DME检测为3%（6/200），培养检测为2.5%（5/200）。通过对阳性培养物进行PCR鉴定，该寄生虫为婴儿利什曼原虫。
