Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Communication Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
J Voice. 2019 Jul;33(4):501-509. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.01.012. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
This study examines the recognition of emotion in contemporary commercial music (CCM) and classical styles of singing. This information may be useful in improving the training of interpretation in singing.
This is an experimental comparative study.
Thirteen singers (11 female, 2 male) with a minimum of 3 years' professional-level singing studies (in CCM or classical technique or both) participated. They sang at three pitches (females: a, e1, a1, males: one octave lower) expressing anger, sadness, joy, tenderness, and a neutral state. Twenty-nine listeners listened to 312 short (0.63- to 4.8-second) voice samples, 135 of which were sung using a classical singing technique and 165 of which were sung in a CCM style. The listeners were asked which emotion they heard. Activity and valence were derived from the chosen emotions.
The percentage of correct recognitions out of all the answers in the listening test (N = 9048) was 30.2%. The recognition percentage for the CCM-style singing technique was higher (34.5%) than for the classical-style technique (24.5%). Valence and activation were better perceived than the emotions themselves, and activity was better recognized than valence. A higher pitch was more likely to be perceived as joy or anger, and a lower pitch as sorrow. Both valence and activation were better recognized in the female CCM samples than in the other samples.
There are statistically significant differences in the recognition of emotions between classical and CCM styles of singing. Furthermore, in the singing voice, pitch affects the perception of emotions, and valence and activity are more easily recognized than emotions.
本研究旨在探讨当代流行音乐（CCM）和古典演唱风格中情感的识别。这些信息可能有助于提高演唱的诠释训练。
这是一项实验性比较研究。
13 名歌手（11 名女性，2 名男性）参与了研究，他们具有至少 3 年的专业水平歌唱学习（CCM 或古典技巧或两者兼有）。他们用三种音高（女性：a、e1、a1，男性：低一个八度）表达愤怒、悲伤、喜悦、温柔和中性状态。29 名听众聆听了 312 个简短（0.63-4.8 秒）的声音样本，其中 135 个是用古典唱法演唱的，165 个是用 CCM 风格演唱的。听众被要求听出他们听到的是哪种情绪。从所选的情绪中得出了活动和效价。
在听力测试（N=9048）中，所有回答的正确识别率为 30.2%。CCM 风格唱法的识别率（34.5%）高于古典风格唱法（24.5%）。效价和激活比情绪本身更容易被感知，而活动比效价更容易被识别。较高的音高更有可能被感知为喜悦或愤怒，而较低的音高更有可能被感知为悲伤。在女性 CCM 样本中，效价和激活的识别率均高于其他样本。
在古典和 CCM 演唱风格中，情感的识别存在统计学上的显著差异。此外，在歌唱声音中，音高会影响情绪的感知，而效价和激活比情绪更容易被识别。
