Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018 Apr;16(4):241-255. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2018.11. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that is caused by lyssaviruses, most often rabies virus. Despite control efforts, sporadic outbreaks in wildlife populations are largely unpredictable, underscoring our incomplete knowledge of what governs viral transmission and spread in reservoir hosts. Furthermore, the evolutionary history of rabies virus and related lyssaviruses remains largely unclear. Robust surveillance efforts combined with diagnostics and disease modelling are now providing insights into the epidemiology and evolution of rabies virus. The immune status of the host, the nature of exposure and strain differences all clearly influence infection and transmission dynamics. In this Review, we focus on rabies virus infections in the wildlife and synthesize current knowledge in the rapidly advancing fields of rabies virus epidemiology and evolution, and advocate for multidisciplinary approaches to advance our understanding of this disease.
狂犬病是一种致命的人畜共患病，由狂犬病病毒等弹状病毒引起。尽管采取了控制措施，但野生动物种群中仍会不时爆发狂犬病，这突显了我们对控制病毒传播和在宿主中传播的知识还不完整。此外，狂犬病病毒和相关的狂犬病病毒的进化历史在很大程度上仍不清楚。现在，强有力的监测工作结合诊断和疾病建模，为了解狂犬病病毒的流行病学和进化提供了线索。宿主的免疫状态、暴露的性质和毒株差异都明显影响感染和传播动力学。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍野生动物中的狂犬病病毒感染，并综合当前在狂犬病病毒流行病学和进化这两个快速发展领域的知识，并倡导采取多学科方法来提高我们对这种疾病的认识。
