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在研究历史中,我们对恐龙多样性随地质时间变化的认识是如何改变的?

How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

作者信息

Tennant Jonathan P, Chiarenza Alfio Alessandro, Baron Matthew

机构信息

Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Department of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2018 Feb 19;6:e4417. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4417. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Assessments of dinosaur macroevolution at any given time can be biased by the historical publication record. Recent studies have analysed patterns in dinosaur diversity that are based on secular variations in the numbers of published taxa. Many of these have employed a range of approaches that account for changes in the shape of the taxonomic abundance curve, which are largely dependent on databases compiled from the primary published literature. However, how these 'corrected' diversity patterns are influenced by the history of publication remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the influence of publication history between 1991 and 2015 on our understanding of dinosaur evolution using raw diversity estimates and shareholder quorum subsampling for the three major subgroups: Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha, and Theropoda. We find that, while sampling generally improves through time, there remain periods and regions in dinosaur evolutionary history where diversity estimates are highly volatile (e.g. the latest Jurassic of Europe, the mid-Cretaceous of North America, and the Late Cretaceous of South America). Our results show that historical changes in database compilation can often substantially influence our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. 'Global' estimates of diversity based on the fossil record are often also based on incomplete, and distinct regional signals, each subject to their own sampling history. Changes in the record of taxon abundance distribution, either through discovery of new taxa or addition of existing taxa to improve sampling evenness, are important in improving the reliability of our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. Furthermore, the number of occurrences and newly identified dinosaurs is still rapidly increasing through time, suggesting that it is entirely possible for much of what we know about dinosaurs at the present to change within the next 20 years.

摘要

在任何给定时间对恐龙宏观进化的评估都可能受到历史出版记录的影响。最近的研究分析了基于已发表分类单元数量的长期变化的恐龙多样性模式。其中许多研究采用了一系列方法来解释分类丰度曲线形状的变化,这些变化在很大程度上取决于从原始发表文献汇编的数据库。然而,这些“校正后的”多样性模式如何受到出版历史的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里,我们使用原始多样性估计和股东法定人数抽样方法,研究了1991年至2015年出版历史对我们理解恐龙进化的影响,涉及三个主要亚类:鸟臀目、蜥脚形亚目和兽脚亚目。我们发现,虽然抽样总体上随着时间的推移有所改善,但在恐龙进化历史中仍有一些时期和地区,多样性估计高度波动(例如欧洲的晚侏罗世、北美的白垩纪中期和南美的晚白垩世)。我们的结果表明,数据库汇编的历史变化往往会极大地影响我们对恐龙多样性的解释。基于化石记录的多样性“全球”估计通常也基于不完整且不同的区域信号,每个信号都有其自身的抽样历史。分类单元丰度分布记录的变化,无论是通过发现新的分类单元还是增加现有分类单元以提高抽样均匀性,对于提高我们对恐龙多样性解释的可靠性都很重要。此外,随着时间的推移,恐龙出现的数量和新发现的恐龙数量仍在迅速增加,这表明我们目前对恐龙的许多认识在未来20年内完全有可能发生变化。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3392/5822849/9622f123b33f/peerj-06-4417-g001.jpg

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