Palo Alto, Calif.
From the Stanford School of Medicine and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Mar;141(3):331e-340e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004106.
Aesthetics plays a large role in determining a successful outcome in plastic and reconstructive surgery. As such, understanding perceptions of favorable aesthetics is crucial for optimizing patient satisfaction. Eye-tracking technology offers an unbiased way of measuring how viewers evaluate breast reconstructions.
Twenty-nine raters with varied plastic surgery experience were shown 20 images of breast reconstruction at various stages. Breasts were divided into those with nipples and no reconstruction scars, those with nipples and reconstruction scars, and those with reconstruction scars and no nipples. Raters viewed each image for 8 seconds to evaluate aesthetic outcomes. Eye-tracking equipment and software were used to track raters' gaze and analyze the distribution of attention.
In breasts with reconstruction scars and no nipples, viewers spent 53.9 percent of the view time examining scars, whereas viewers' attention was divided evenly in breasts with both reconstruction scars and nipples, spending 27.5 percent and 27.7 percent of view time examining the nipples and reconstruction scars, respectively. When examining complete reconstructions, viewers spent more time scanning the entire image before fixating on scars and spent less time on single-site fixation.
Complete reconstructions, which notably include the final nipple-areola complex, appear to play an important role in restoring normal viewing parameters. In essence, completed breast reconstructions with nipple-areola complexes divert attention from extraneous surgical scars and lead viewers to assess the breasts more holistically. Eye-tracking technology provides a powerful link between objective gaze and viewer attention that may potentially be used to predict subjective aesthetic preferences.
美学在整形和重建手术的成功结果中起着重要作用。因此，了解对美学的看法对于优化患者满意度至关重要。眼动追踪技术为衡量观众如何评估乳房重建提供了一种客观的方法。
29 名具有不同整形手术经验的评分者观看了 20 张不同阶段乳房重建的图像。乳房分为有乳头和无重建疤痕的乳房、有乳头和重建疤痕的乳房以及有重建疤痕和无乳头的乳房。评分者观看每张图像 8 秒以评估美学效果。使用眼动追踪设备和软件来跟踪评分者的注视并分析注意力的分布。
在有重建疤痕和无乳头的乳房中，观察者花费 53.9%的观察时间检查疤痕，而在有重建疤痕和乳头的乳房中，观察者的注意力平均分配，分别花费 27.5%和 27.7%的观察时间检查乳头和重建疤痕。当检查完整的重建时，观察者在固定在疤痕上之前会花费更多时间扫描整个图像，并且在单个部位固定上花费的时间更少。
完整的重建，特别是包括最终的乳头乳晕复合体，似乎在恢复正常的观察参数方面起着重要作用。从本质上讲，带有乳头乳晕复合体的完成的乳房重建将注意力从多余的手术疤痕上转移开，并引导观察者更全面地评估乳房。眼动追踪技术在客观注视和观众注意力之间提供了一个强大的联系，这可能有助于预测主观审美偏好。
