College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jun;237:143-153. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.040. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Human hair and street dust from rural and urban areas in Chongqing were collected to analyze Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalate esters (PAEs). Concentrations of OPEs in urban hair were significantly higher than those in rural hair, whereas PAEs concentrations in rural hair were significantly higher than those in urban hair. Different composition patterns of OPEs were observed in rural and urban hair, where tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris (butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were the dominating analogues in rural hair, accounting for 62.1% of the OPEs burden, and tris (methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) exhibited a high contribution in urban hair, responsible for 51.3% of total OPEs, which differed from the composition profiles in corresponding street dust. Analogous composition patterns of PAEs were found in hair of both areas. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DNBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were the most abundant analogues in hair samples, while DEHP was the predominant analogue in dust samples. No clear tendency was obtained between the increasing ages and the concentrations of both compounds. Most OPEs and PAEs congeners showed significantly positive correlation with one another in rural hair. On the contrary, different correlation patterns were observed in urban hair for OPEs and PAEs, indicating multiple or additional sources existed in urban areas. Significant correlations of OPEs and PAEs were found between hair and corresponding street dust samples, but poor correlations of OPEs and PAEs were observed between rural hair and rural indoor dust, suggesting that street dust may be a predominant exogenous source for human exposure to OPEs and PAEs in this area.
采集了重庆市农村和城市地区的人发和街道灰尘，以分析有机磷酸酯（OPEs）和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）。城市头发中的 OPEs 浓度明显高于农村头发，而农村头发中的 PAEs 浓度明显高于城市头发。农村和城市头发中观察到不同的 OPEs 组成模式，其中三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）、三（丁基）磷酸酯（TNBP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）是农村头发中的主要类似物，占 OPEs 负担的 62.1%，而三（甲基苯基）磷酸酯（TMPP）在城市头发中具有较高的贡献，占总 OPEs 的 51.3%，与相应街道灰尘的组成模式不同。头发中 PAEs 的组成模式相似。邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DNBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）是头发样品中最丰富的类似物，而 DEHP 是灰尘样品中的主要类似物。在这两个地区的头发中，都没有发现化合物浓度与年龄增加之间的明显趋势。大多数 OPEs 和 PAEs 同系物在农村头发中表现出显著的正相关。相反，在城市头发中，OPEs 和 PAEs 表现出不同的相关模式，表明城市地区存在多种或额外的来源。在头发和相应的街道灰尘样品之间发现了 OPEs 和 PAEs 的显著相关性，但在农村头发和农村室内灰尘之间观察到 OPEs 和 PAEs 的相关性较差，表明街道灰尘可能是该地区人体暴露于 OPEs 和 PAEs 的主要外源性来源。
