College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jan 1;698:134264. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134264. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
Phthalate esters (PAEs) have been shown to be ubiquitous in abiotic and biotic environmental compartments; however, information about bioaccumulation behavior and human exposure, both via environmental exposure and the diet, are limited. Herein, we report the concentrations and composition profiles of phthalate esters (PAEs) in biological samples, river water, indoor air, and outdoor air samples collected from an agricultural site in western China. Dibutyl phthalate (DNBP) occupied a relatively high abundance in biological samples, discrepant with the environmental samples in which di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the dominant congener. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between the biota and river water samples, indicating that river water heavily influenced PAE accumulation in biological samples. The mean log Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs) varied from 0.91 to 2.96, which implies that most PAE congeners are not likely to accumulate in organisms. No obvious trends were observed between log octanol-water partition coefficient (K) and log BAF values, nor between log octanol-air partition coefficient (K) and biota-air accumulation factors (BAAFs). Nevertheless, the calculated log air-water partitioning factors (AWPFs) of diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) were similar to predicted values whereas those for diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), DNBP and DEHP were significantly higher. The estimated daily intakes of PAEs via food ingestion and environmental exposure were 15, 9.4 and 1.2 ng/kg-bw/day in toddlers, children and adults, respectively, laying at the low end of the reported data and well below the reference dose.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）已被证明在无生命和有生命的环境中无处不在；然而，关于生物蓄积行为和人类暴露的信息，无论是通过环境暴露还是饮食，都很有限。在此，我们报告了在中国西部一个农业地区采集的生物样本、河水、室内空气和室外空气样本中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的浓度和组成分布。在生物样本中，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DNBP）的含量相对较高，与环境样本中邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）为主导同系物的情况不同。生物样本与河水样本之间观察到显著相关性（P < 0.05），表明河水对生物样本中 PAE 的积累有重大影响。平均对数生物蓄积因子（BAF）值范围为 0.91 至 2.96，这意味着大多数 PAE 同系物不太可能在生物体内积累。在 log 辛醇-水分配系数（Kow）和 log BAF 值之间，以及在 log 辛醇-空气分配系数（Koa）和生物-空气积累因子（BAAF）之间，没有观察到明显的趋势。然而，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）的计算 log 空气-水分配系数（AWPF）与预测值相似，而二异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（DIBP）、DNBP 和 DEHP 的 log AWPF 值明显较高。通过食物摄入和环境暴露途径摄入 PAEs 的估计每日摄入量在幼儿、儿童和成人中分别为 15、9.4 和 1.2 ng/kg-bw/day，处于报告数据的低端，远低于参考剂量。
