埃塞俄比亚西南部孔索人的健康和疾病观念：持续与变化。

Perceptions of health and illness among the Konso people of southwestern Ethiopia: persistence and change.

机构信息

Department of Social Anthropology, University of Gondar, PO BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Department of Social Anthropology, AAU, PO BOX 1196, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

出版信息

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018 Feb 26;14(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s13002-018-0214-y.

DOI:10.1186/s13002-018-0214-y

PMID:29482630

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6389056/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Cross-cultural studies indicate that every culture has its own particular explanations for health and illness and its own healing strategies. The Konso people have always practiced indigenous medicine and have multifaceted accounts or multiple dimensions of illness perceptions and health-care beliefs and practices. This paper describes how perceptions of health and illness are instrumental in health and treatment outcomes among the Konso people in southwestern Ethiopia. Results may provide an understanding of the perceptions of health and illness in relation to the local cosmology, religion, and environment.

METHODS

The ethnographic method was employed to generate evidence, complemented by focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and direct observation. Thematic analysis was employed to categorize and interpret the data.

RESULTS

Findings indicate that the Konso people's worldview, particularly as it relates to health, illness, and healing systems, is closely linked to their day-to-day lives. Older people believe illnesses are caused by a range of supernatural forces, including the wrath of God or local gods, oritta (spirit possession), and karayitta (ancestral spirits), and they use culturally prescribed treatment. Young and formally educated members of the community attribute causes of diseases to germitta (germs) and factorta (bacteria) and tend to seek treatment mostly in modern health facilities.

CONCLUSION

Perceptions of health and illness as well as of healing are part of Konso people's worldview. Local communities comprehend health problems and solutions within their cultural frame of reference, which has changed over the years. The Konso people associate their health situations with socio-cultural and religious factors. The individual's behavior and interactions with the social, natural, and supernatural powers affect the well-being of the whole group. The individual, the family, the clan leaders, and the deceased are intimately linked to one's culturally based health beliefs and are associated by the Konso with health problems and illnesses.

摘要

背景

跨文化研究表明，每种文化都有其独特的健康和疾病解释以及独特的治疗策略。科诺人一直实践着本土医学，对疾病的认知和医疗信仰与实践有着多方面的描述或多个维度。本文描述了科诺人在埃塞俄比亚西南部如何看待健康和疾病，以及这些观念如何影响他们的健康和治疗结果。研究结果可能有助于理解与当地宇宙观、宗教和环境相关的健康和疾病观念。

方法

采用民族志方法收集证据，辅以焦点小组讨论、深入访谈和直接观察。采用主题分析对数据进行分类和解释。

结果

研究结果表明，科诺人的世界观，尤其是与健康、疾病和治疗体系相关的世界观，与他们的日常生活息息相关。老年人认为疾病是由一系列超自然力量引起的，包括上帝或当地神灵的愤怒、奥里塔（灵魂附身）和卡拉伊塔（祖先灵魂），并使用文化规定的治疗方法。社区中的年轻和受过正规教育的成员将疾病的原因归因于格米塔（细菌）和法托塔（细菌），并倾向于在现代医疗机构寻求治疗。

结论

健康和疾病观念以及治疗观念是科诺人世界观的一部分。当地社区在其文化参照框架内理解健康问题和解决方案，而这种框架在过去几年中已经发生了变化。科诺人将他们的健康状况与社会文化和宗教因素联系起来。个人的行为以及与社会、自然和超自然力量的互动，会影响整个群体的福祉。个人、家庭、氏族领袖和逝者与他们基于文化的健康信仰密切相关，科诺人认为他们与健康问题和疾病有关。