Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Epidemic Intelligence Service, USA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, San Diego, CA, USA; County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, San Diego, CA, USA.
Vaccine. 2018 Mar 20;36(13):1743-1750. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.052. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
An overall increase has been reported in vaccination rates among adolescents during the past decade. Studies of vaccination coverage have shown disparities when comparing foreign-born and U.S.-born populations among children and adults; however, limited information is available concerning potential disparities in adolescents.
The National Immunization Survey-Teen is a random-digit-dialed telephone survey of caregivers of adolescents aged 13-17 years, followed by a mail survey to vaccination providers that is used to estimate vaccination coverage among the U.S. population of adolescents. Using the National Immunization Survey-Teen data, we assessed vaccination coverage during 2012-2014 among adolescents for routinely recommended vaccines for this age group (≥1 dose tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis [Tdap] vaccine, ≥1 dose quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate [MenACWY] vaccine, ≥3 doses human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccine) and for routine childhood vaccination catch-up doses (≥2 doses measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] vaccine, ≥2 doses varicella vaccine, and ≥3 doses hepatitis B [HepB] vaccine). Vaccination coverage prevalence and vaccination prevalence ratios were estimated.
Of the 58,090 respondents included, 3.3% were foreign-born adolescents. Significant differences were observed between foreign-born and U.S.-born adolescents for insurance status, income-to-poverty ratio, education, interview language, and household size. Foreign-born adolescents had significantly lower unadjusted vaccination coverage for HepB (89% vs. 93%), and higher coverage for the recommended ≥3 doses of HPV vaccine among males, compared with U.S.-born adolescents (22% vs. 14%). Adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors accounted for the disparity in HPV but not HepB vaccination coverage.
We report comparable unadjusted vaccination coverage among foreign-born and U.S.-born adolescents for Tdap, MenACWY, MMR, ≥2 varicella. Although coverage was high for HepB vaccine, it was significantly lower among foreign-born adolescents, compared with U.S.-born adolescents. HPV and ≥2-dose varicella vaccination coverage were low among both groups.
在过去十年中，青少年的疫苗接种率总体有所上升。针对儿童和成人的疫苗接种率的研究表明，出生在国外和出生在美国的人群之间存在差异；然而，关于青少年中潜在差异的信息有限。
国家免疫调查-青少年是一项针对 13-17 岁青少年照顾者的随机数字拨号电话调查，随后对疫苗接种提供者进行邮件调查，用于估计美国青少年人群的疫苗接种率。利用国家免疫调查-青少年的数据，我们评估了 2012-2014 年期间常规推荐给该年龄组的疫苗（≥1 剂破伤风、白喉类毒素和无细胞百日咳 [Tdap] 疫苗、≥1 剂四价脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗 [MenACWY] 疫苗、≥3 剂人乳头瘤病毒 [HPV] 疫苗）和常规儿童疫苗补种剂量（≥2 剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹 [MMR] 疫苗、≥2 剂水痘疫苗和≥3 剂乙型肝炎 [HepB] 疫苗）的疫苗接种率。估计了疫苗接种率流行率和疫苗接种率比值。
在纳入的 58090 名受访者中，有 3.3%是出生在国外的青少年。出生在国外和出生在美国的青少年在保险状况、收入与贫困比率、教育、访谈语言和家庭规模方面存在显著差异。与出生在美国的青少年相比，出生在国外的青少年的 HepB 疫苗接种率明显较低（89%对 93%），而男性推荐的 ≥3 剂 HPV 疫苗接种率较高（22%对 14%）。调整人口统计学和社会经济因素后，HPV 疫苗接种率的差异得到了纠正，但 HepB 疫苗接种率的差异没有得到纠正。
我们报告了出生在国外和出生在美国的青少年的 Tdap、MenACWY、MMR、≥2 剂水痘疫苗接种率相当。尽管 HepB 疫苗接种率很高，但与出生在美国的青少年相比，出生在国外的青少年的接种率明显较低。两组 HPV 和 ≥2 剂水痘疫苗接种率均较低。
