Harris Jennifer B, Gacic-Dobo Marta, Eggers Rudolf, Brown David W, Sodha Samir V
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Nov 21;63(46):1055-8.
In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization to ensure that all children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. Since then, global coverage with the four core vaccines (Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine [for protection against tuberculosis], diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine [DTP], polio vaccine, and measles vaccine) has increased from <5% to ≥84%, and additional vaccines have been added to the recommended schedule. Coverage with the third dose of DTP vaccine (DTP3) by age 12 months is a key indicator of immunization program performance. Estimated global DTP3 coverage has remained at 83%-84% since 2009, with estimated 2013 coverage at 84%. Global coverage estimates for the second routine dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) are reported for the first time in 2013; global coverage was 35% by the end of the second year of life and 53% when including older age groups. Improvements in equity of access and use of immunization services will help ensure that all children are protected from vaccine-preventable diseases.
1974年，世界卫生组织（WHO）设立了扩大免疫规划，以确保所有儿童都能接种常规推荐疫苗。自那时起，四种核心疫苗（卡介苗[用于预防结核病]、白喉-破伤风-百日咳疫苗[DTP]、脊髓灰质炎疫苗和麻疹疫苗）的全球覆盖率已从不足5%提高到≥84%，并且推荐免疫程序中增加了其他疫苗。12月龄时第三剂DTP疫苗（DTP3）的覆盖率是免疫规划成效的一项关键指标。自2009年以来，全球DTP3覆盖率估计一直维持在83%-84%，2013年的估计覆盖率为84%。2013年首次报告了含麻疹疫苗第二剂常规接种（MCV2）的全球覆盖率；到生命第二年年底，全球覆盖率为35%，若纳入年龄较大的群体则为53%。在免疫服务获取和使用的公平性方面取得的进展将有助于确保所有儿童都受到保护，免受疫苗可预防疾病的侵害。
