Chi-Castañeda Donají, Ortega Arturo
Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
Soluciones para un México Verde S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
Front Physiol. 2018 Feb 12;9:88. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00088. eCollection 2018.
Circadian rhythms are biological oscillations with a period of ~24 h. These rhythms are orchestrated by a circadian timekeeper in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, the circadian "," which exactly adjusts clock outputs to solar time via photic synchronization. At the molecular level, circadian rhythms are generated by the interaction of positive and negative feedback loops of transcriptional and translational processes of the so-called "." A large number of clock genes encode numerous proteins that regulate their own transcription and that of other genes, collectively known as "." In addition to the sleep/wake cycle, many cellular processes are regulated by circadian rhythms, including synaptic plasticity in which an exquisite interplay between neurons and glial cells takes place. In particular, there is compelling evidence suggesting that glial cells participate in and regulate synaptic plasticity in a circadian fashion, possibly representing the missing cellular and physiological link between circadian rhythms with learning and cognition processes. Here we review recent studies in support of this hypothesis, focusing on the interplay between glial cells, synaptic plasticity, and circadian rhythmogenesis.
昼夜节律是一种周期约为24小时的生物振荡。这些节律由下丘脑视交叉上核中的昼夜节律生物钟协调，即昼夜节律起搏器，它通过光同步将生物钟输出精确地调整到太阳时间。在分子水平上，昼夜节律是由所谓的生物钟基因转录和翻译过程的正负反馈环相互作用产生的。大量生物钟基因编码众多蛋白质，这些蛋白质调节它们自身以及其他基因的转录，统称为生物钟蛋白。除了睡眠/觉醒周期外，许多细胞过程也受昼夜节律调节，包括神经元和神经胶质细胞之间发生精妙相互作用的突触可塑性。特别是，有令人信服的证据表明，神经胶质细胞以昼夜节律的方式参与并调节突触可塑性，这可能代表了昼夜节律与学习和认知过程之间缺失的细胞和生理联系。在此，我们综述支持这一假说的近期研究，重点关注神经胶质细胞、突触可塑性和昼夜节律发生之间的相互作用。
