Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 May 8;47(9):3018-3036. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00852j.
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials, which are integrated using graphene structural units, show great promise for energy-related applications because of the high specific surface area, fast electron transport, and low density. Beyond solution-phase assembly of graphene sheets, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) has been recently introduced as a scalable, high-yield, and facile strategy for preparing 3D graphene materials with relatively high crystallinity and controllable layer numbers. Such 3D graphene structures have served as ideal platforms for constructing next-generation energy storage and conversion devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. In this tutorial review, we focus on recent progress in the scalable CVD growth of 3D graphene materials (e.g., foams, shells, and hierarchical structures) as well as their applications in energy-related fields. First, we emphasize the role of substrate shape and composition (metal or non-metal) in the CVD growth of diverse 3D graphene materials. The related growth mechanisms of these 3D graphene materials are also analysed and discussed. Second, we demonstrate the applications of the CVD-derived 3D graphene materials in various energy-related devices. Finally, we conclude this review with our insights into the challenges and future opportunities for CVD synthesis as well as the application of such intriguing 3D graphene materials.
三维（3D）石墨烯材料是由石墨烯结构单元集成而成，由于具有高比表面积、快速电子传输和低密度等特点，在能源相关应用中具有很大的应用前景。除了在溶液相中组装石墨烯片之外，化学气相沉积（CVD）最近被引入作为一种可扩展、高产率和简便的策略，用于制备具有相对较高结晶度和可控层数的 3D 石墨烯材料。这种 3D 石墨烯结构已成为构建下一代储能和转换设备（如超级电容器、电池和燃料电池）的理想平台。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了在可扩展 CVD 生长 3D 石墨烯材料（如泡沫、壳和分层结构）方面的最新进展，以及它们在能源相关领域的应用。首先，我们强调了衬底形状和组成（金属或非金属）在不同 3D 石墨烯材料 CVD 生长中的作用。还分析和讨论了这些 3D 石墨烯材料的相关生长机制。其次，我们展示了 CVD 衍生的 3D 石墨烯材料在各种能源相关器件中的应用。最后，我们对 CVD 合成以及这种有趣的 3D 石墨烯材料的应用的挑战和未来机遇进行了总结。
