College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2015 Jul;221:41-59. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 May 3.
With superior electrical/thermal conductivities and mechanical properties, two dimensional (2D) graphene has become one of the most intensively explored carbon allotropes in materials science. To exploit the inherent properties fully, 2D graphene sheets are often fabricated or assembled into functional architectures (e.g. hydrogels, aerogels) with desired three dimensional (3D) interconnected porous microstructures. The 3D graphene based materials show many excellent characteristics including increased active material per projected area, accessible mass transport or storage, electro/thermo conductivity, chemical/electrochemical stability and flexibility. It has paved the way for practical requirements in electronics, adsorption as well as catalysis related system. This review shows an extensive overview of the main principles and the recent synthetic technologies about fabricating various innovative 3D graphene based materials. Subsequently, recent progresses in electrochemical energy devices (lithium/lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and solar cells) and hydrogen energy generation/storage are explicitly discussed. The up to date advances for pollutants detection and environmental remediation are also reviewed. Finally, challenges and outlooks in materials development for energy and environment are suggested.
二维（2D）石墨烯具有优异的导电性和热学性能，以及机械性能，已成为材料科学中研究最多的碳同素异形体之一。为了充分发挥其固有特性，通常将二维石墨烯片组装或组装成具有所需三维（3D）互连多孔微观结构的功能结构（例如水凝胶、气凝胶）。基于 3D 石墨烯的材料具有许多优异的特性，包括增加的每个投影面积的活性材料、可及的质量传输或存储、电/热导率、化学/电化学稳定性和灵活性。它为电子学、吸附以及与催化相关的系统中的实际需求铺平了道路。本综述广泛概述了制造各种创新的 3D 石墨烯基材料的主要原理和最新合成技术。随后，明确讨论了电化学能源装置（锂离子/锂离子电池、超级电容器、燃料电池和太阳能电池）和氢能产生/存储方面的最新进展。还审查了污染物检测和环境修复方面的最新进展。最后，对能源和环境材料开发方面的挑战和前景进行了探讨。
