Tanaka Kimie, Sata Masataka
Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Front Physiol. 2018 Feb 13;9:3. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00003. eCollection 2018.
Traditionally, it is believed that white adipose tissues serve as energy storage, heat insulation, and mechanical cushion, whereas non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in brown adipose tissue. Recent evidence revealed that adipose tissue secretes many types of cytokines, called as adipocytokines, which modulate glucose metabolism, lipid profile, appetite, fibrinolysis, blood pressure, and inflammation. Most of the arteries are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). PVAT has been thought to be simply a structurally supportive tissue for vasculature. However, recent studies showed that PVAT influences vasodilation and vasocontraction, suggesting that PVAT regulates vascular tone and diameter. Adipocytokines secreted from PVAT appear to have direct access to the adjacent arterial wall by diffusion or via vasa vasorum. In fact, PVAT around atherosclerotic lesions and mechanically-injured arteries displayed inflammatory cytokine profiles, suggesting that PVAT functions to promote vascular lesion formation. Many clinical studies revealed that increased accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which surrounds coronary arteries, is associated with coronary artery disease. In this review article, we will summarize recent findings about potential roles of PVAT in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, particularly focusing on a series of basic and clinical studies from our laboratory.
传统上，人们认为白色脂肪组织具有能量储存、隔热和机械缓冲的作用，而非寒战产热则发生在棕色脂肪组织中。最近的证据表明，脂肪组织会分泌多种细胞因子，即脂肪细胞因子，这些因子可调节葡萄糖代谢、血脂、食欲、纤维蛋白溶解、血压和炎症。大多数动脉都被血管周围脂肪组织（PVAT）所包围。PVAT一直被认为仅仅是一种对脉管系统起结构支撑作用的组织。然而，最近的研究表明，PVAT会影响血管舒张和血管收缩，这表明PVAT可调节血管张力和直径。PVAT分泌的脂肪细胞因子似乎可通过扩散或经由血管滋养管直接作用于相邻的动脉壁。事实上，动脉粥样硬化病变周围和机械损伤动脉周围的PVAT呈现出炎性细胞因子谱，这表明PVAT具有促进血管病变形成的作用。许多临床研究表明，围绕冠状动脉的心外膜脂肪组织（EAT）积累增加与冠状动脉疾病有关。在这篇综述文章中，我们将总结PVAT在动脉粥样硬化发病机制中潜在作用的最新研究发现，尤其关注我们实验室的一系列基础和临床研究。
