Barfield Patricia A, Driessnack Martha
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Apr;23(2):e12210. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12210. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
The purpose of this study was to engage children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a developmentally sensitive way to explore the children's subjective well-being. Explicitly, their life satisfaction, or what makes their life "really good." To date, little is known about the subjective life experience of children with ADHD or how incorporating children's views separate from the purview of adults and pathology might enhance our understanding or change our approach to evaluation and/or intervention.
A parallel convergent mixed-methods design was used to collect data from a convenience sample of children with ADHD (N = 20) ages 7 to 11 years old. This article focuses solely on the qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews using the art-based approach draw-and-tell conversation (DTC). The DTC data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In addition, each parent (N = 20) independently completed demographic and health-related forms to provide descriptive and contextual variables.
Three themes were discerned in the DTC analysis-activity, nature, and connections. Most children (90%) described engaging in some form of activity, often outdoors, and with others; though the focus of activity was varied. Nature was evidenced directly and indirectly in many of the children's (85%) stories. Over half (65%) of the children described some variation in relational connection across a continuum that contributed to, or detracted from, their sense of well-being/life satisfaction.
Children shared that doing things, outdoors, with others, [emphasis added] made their life "really good". Children's stories yielded insightful and actionable information that is relevant to each individual child/family, and to nursing assessment, intervention, and advocacy. These child-granted insights also extend our attention beyond pharmacological and behavioral focused interventions, to include the children's own innate health promoting interests that help to make their life really good.
本研究的目的是以一种对发育敏感的方式让患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童参与进来，以探索他们的主观幸福感。具体而言，是他们的生活满意度，或者是什么让他们的生活“真正美好”。迄今为止，对于患有ADHD的儿童的主观生活体验，或者将儿童的观点纳入与成人视角和病理学范畴不同的研究中如何能增进我们的理解或改变我们的评估和/或干预方法，我们所知甚少。
采用平行收敛混合方法设计，从一个便利样本中收集7至11岁患有ADHD的儿童（N = 20）的数据。本文仅关注通过基于艺术的方法“绘画与讲述对话”（DTC）进行的半结构化访谈所获得的定性数据。使用定性内容分析法对DTC数据进行分析。此外，每位家长（N = 20）独立填写人口统计学和健康相关表格，以提供描述性和背景变量。
在DTC分析中辨别出三个主题——活动、自然和人际关系。大多数儿童（90%）描述参与了某种形式的活动，通常是在户外且与他人一起；尽管活动的重点各不相同。自然在许多儿童（85%）的故事中直接或间接地得到体现。超过一半（65%）的儿童描述了人际关系在一个连续体上的某种变化，这种变化对他们的幸福感/生活满意度有促进或减损作用。
孩子们分享说，与他人一起在户外做事[重点添加]让他们的生活“真正美好”。孩子们的故事产生了有洞察力且可付诸行动的信息，这些信息与每个孩子/家庭相关，也与护理评估、干预和宣传相关。这些来自孩子们的见解还将我们的注意力从专注于药物和行为的干预扩展到包括孩子们自身固有的促进健康的兴趣，这些兴趣有助于让他们的生活真正美好。
