磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）造影剂外渗：一项系统评价。
MRI and CT contrast media extravasation: A systematic review.
作者信息
Heshmatzadeh Behzadi Ashkan, Farooq Zerwa, Newhouse Jeffery H, Prince Martin R
机构信息
Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Radiology, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
出版信息
Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Mar;97(9):e0055. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010055.
BACKGROUND
This systematic review combines data from multiple papers on contrast media extravasation to identify factors contributing to increased extravasation risk.
METHODS
Data were extracted from 17 papers reporting 2191 extravasations in 1,104,872 patients (0.2%) undergoing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
RESULTS
Extravasation rates were 0.045% for gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) and nearly 6-fold higher, 0.26% for iodinated contrast agents. Factors associated with increased contrast media extravasations included: older age, female gender, using an existing intravenous (IV) instead of placing a new IV in radiology, in-patient status, use of automated power injection, high injection rates, catheter location, and failing to warm up the more viscous contrast media to body temperature.
CONCLUSION
Contrast media extravasation is infrequent but nearly 6 times less frequent with GBCA for MRI compared with iodinated contrast used in CT.
背景
本系统评价综合了多篇关于造影剂外渗的论文数据，以确定导致外渗风险增加的因素。
方法
从17篇论文中提取数据，这些论文报告了1,104,872例接受计算机断层扫描（CT）或磁共振成像（MRI）检查的患者中有2191例发生造影剂外渗（0.2%）。
结果
钆基造影剂（GBCA）的外渗率为0.045%，而碘化造影剂的外渗率则高出近6倍，为0.26%。与造影剂外渗增加相关的因素包括：年龄较大、女性、在放射科使用现有的静脉输液（IV）而不是重新放置新的IV、住院状态、使用自动动力注射、高注射速率、导管位置以及未能将更粘稠造影剂加热至体温。
结论
造影剂外渗并不常见，但与CT中使用的碘化造影剂相比，MRI使用GBCA时造影剂外渗的频率几乎低6倍。
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